The Civilian Casualty Numbers – Afghanistan

A new UN report has revealed the true scale of the human tragedy in Afghanistan over the past 10 years. The total number of civilian casualties surpassed 100,000.



Over 3,400 civilians were killed in the Afghan conflict in 2019, according to new United Nations data released on Saturday. The United Nations’ Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) also announced 6,989 were wounded, making the sixth year in a row that civilian casualties have surpassed 10,000.

38% of casualties resulted from government or Western allies actions, 62% of the 2019 casualties were caused by non-government forces, with 47% attributed to the Taliban and 12% to the so-called Islamic State (IS) armed group.





Hard Work and Billionaires


At the February 19 Democratic presidential debate in Las Vegas, Bloomberg was asked




“Have you earned too much — has it been an obscene amount of — should you have earned that much money?” 




“Yes,” Bloomberg, worth an estimated $60 billion replied. “I worked very hard for it.”





Tough at the bottom

Americans who already enjoyed high incomes saw the most growth in their wages in 2019, according to a new report, while wage growth for low hourly workers was sluggish—a continuation of what the Economic Policy Institute calls an “alarming trend” that has emerged over the last four decades.



In its report, “State of Working America Wages 2019,” EPI revealed that median hourly wages grew by just 1% over the past year, with racial and gender wage gaps persisting, while earners in the 95th percentile saw their incomes grow last year by 4.5%. Even with wage growth for top earners, the think tank said, the median wage in the U.S. “is only $19.33 an hour, which translates into about $40,000 for a full-time, full-year worker.”



Unequal wages and wage growth “have been defining features of the U.S. labor market for the last four decades, despite steady productivity growth,” Elise Gould, senior economist for EPI and author of the report, said in a statement. However, she added, persistent inequality is the result of political choices—not an inevitability.




“These alarming trends,” Gould said, “are a direct result of a series of policy decisions that have reduced the economic power of most workers to achieve faster wage growth.”


The report counted policymakers’ failure to regularly raise the minimum wage, companies offshoring jobs as a bargaining tactic to keep wages low, and corporate tax cuts like those passed by the Republican Party in 2017 among the reasons for worsening income inequality.



In the study, which looked at wage growth over the past 40 years, EPI reported that wages for many workers have not just leveled off but have gone down. The bottom 50% of college graduates earn less than they did in 2000, and the wage gap between black and white Americans has worsened in the past 20 years. In 2000, there was a 10.2% gap between black and white workers’ pay, compared to a 14.9% gap now. The wage gap between men and women persists—even among women who are more highly educated than their male counterparts—but it has narrowed slightly, with women earning 85 cents on the dollar.


EPI rejected myths that slow wage growth for the lowest-paid Americans can be “be explained away by positing education shortages, by including benefits and looking at total compensation, or by changing the price deflator (changing the way wages are adjusted for inflation).”


Instead, Gould said, lawmakers must take responsibility for political choices in the past several decades which have left many American workers behind.


EPI tweeted that declining union membership has played a role in the current crisis of rising inequality. In the 1950s, 35% of Americans working in the private sector were represented by labor unions, compared to just 6.2% now.


“This erosion was not driven by workers’ declining interest in unions but rather by concerted employer opposition along with state and federal policy that has made it near impossible for workers to form unions in the face of unwilling employer,” reads EPI’s report.



The Communications Workers of America, a labor union with 700,000 members, called on the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee this week to cut off support to the seven House Democrats who “betrayed working people” by voting against a pro-labor bill which would eliminate state-level “right-to-work” laws and expand workers’ bargaining rights.



“They must be denied the support of the Democratic Party for refusing to stand with working Americans,” CWA president Christopher Shelton wrote to DCCC chair Rep. Cheri Bustos (D-Ill.) in a letter (pdf) dated Feb. 18. “I urge the DCCC to no longer provide services for any incumbent House members who turn their back on working people.”


https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/02/20/new-report-blames-corporate-tax-cuts-attacks-unions-persistent-inequality-and-slow



https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/02/20/no-tolerance-union-urges-dccc-cut-support-dems-who-voted-against-pro-labor-bill

Seriously pretending (1994)

 From the February 1994 issue of the Socialist Standard

For a very serious reason, we would ask you to pretend for a moment. Just allow your invagination to take a short journey from where you are now and look at how your life would change if what you are pretending actually happened.
You are living in a world where money does not exist. When you want something you go to the store and take it. There isn’t someone to tell you what you can take or when you can take it; that decision is yours. And everybody else has the same right to avail themselves of what they need as you — so there are no criminals wanting to rob you.
Of course, all the things that people freely avail themselves of have to be produced. Food has to be grown and processed; things have got to be made and houses and other buildings have to be built; a thorough and efficient health service has to be run as well as emergency and other services. In the world where you are pretending to be there is plenty of work to do.
But because money and all other forms of ration tokens do not exist, millions of jobs that used to use the skills and energies of people no longer exist. There is no need for banks, insurance offices, advertising and promotion services, sales people of all the different sorts, mortgage services, dole clerks, security personnel, judges, lawyers and criminals. The list is a very long one and includes armed forces and all those munition workers, scientists and others employed in the killing industry — as the competition for markets, trade routes and other material interests that cause wars and conflicts would have disappeared. All in all, it would be safe to say that, in the world in which you are pretending to be now, there would be at least three times as many people to do the necessary work as there are in the world you are pretending to have left.
In the pretend world there is no government because there are no conflicting interests and no need for people to be controlled by a coercive state. Instead, there are democratically-elected bodies at local, regional and world level whose function is to organize production and distribution. You may be elected to one of these bodies. If you are you will not receive any special favours — of course, you won’t need to for, like everybody else, the things you need are freely available to you. Those elected to carry on public administration can be recalled by those who elected them and no-one is coerced into fulfilling any task.
In this pretend world, neither you nor any other person will ever endure poverty or insecurity; you will never be homeless or badly housed; you will not die in warfare or civil conflict for the basis of these evils will have been abolished and, since there is no need to steal, crime and offences against the person do not now exist. Automation and new productive processes, instead of creating unemployment, simply make necessary work easier for all and, like the fact that all the wasteful occupations of the old world have been abolished, give more leisure to those who wish to travel in a world where frontiers do not exist or to pursue other work, hobbies or interests.
Back to reality
Let’s stop the pretending there and deal with “reality”! Because reality is a world where everything carries a price tag, where millions die annually of hunger, millions more simply “get by” and only a relatively few people are wealthy or enormously rich, we think of this terrible and frightening reality as the natural order of things, as natural as the seasons.
In fact, we are told that this awful reality reflects our “human nature” and that this nature would not permit us to live in a world such as you were just now pretending to live in. In other words, that because we are human we cannot all have free and equal access to the abundance of everything that it is now possible to produce. On the other hand, despite us being human, we can accept a reality where the members of a minority class can freely avail themselves of their needs from the wealth we produce. It is not too difficult to see why the ruling class, who control our “education” and our social conditioning, tell us that our “nature” would not allow us to cooperate in the sane organization of society.
There exists now the economic potential to create a world where everyone has free access to their needs without wages, money or any other form of rationing. Unfortunately, the political will to establish such a world is absent largely because we have been conditioned to believe that the present capitalist system is, as we have observed, the natural order of things, despite its endemic problems and that there is no alternative to capitalism.
The world we asked you to pretend to be living in at the outset was the world envisaged by the early socialists. Unfortunately, that vision was deliberately corrupted by politicians acting in ignorance or in the interests of the ruling class. Thus, state capitalism, a brutal and anti-democratic form of capitalism operating in so-called communist countries, was claimed to represent the ideas of socialism as were the failed reformist policies of Labour parties.
But socialism has not failed; on the contrary, it has never been tried and the growth of a genuine movement to bring it about has been deliberately frustrated by Establishment lies and misrepresentation. It is because the case for socialism is so overwhelmingly logical that those who oppose it out of narrow self-interest use their wealth, their power and their privilege to distort its meaning and to deny valid arguments about its nature and its feasibility a place on the political agenda. These are interests that have successfully pretended to you that you have to put up with capitalism and its disgusting abuse of humanity because there is no alternative to that system.
Because socialism and democracy are indivisible, the task of the Socialist Party is to build the political means of convincing a majority to opt for Socialism. We do not pretend that it is an easy task but, confronted with capitalist reality, it is an urgent and essential one.


Richard Montague



Life expectancy slow-down

Public-sector austerity and winter flu have had a negative impact on life expectancy, leaving the UK lagging behind other wealthy nations, a new study has found.



Out of 16 countries, the UK, Spain and Germany performed worst, according to the Longevity Science Panel.  The panel of experts, set up by insurer Legal & General to monitor trends in population life expectancy, found that more people were dying than would be expected if earlier trends had continued.
Women were particularly badly affected, with slower-than-expected improvements in mortality rates across 14 countries during 2011-15, compared with just eight countries where the same was true for men. The report said the gender differences were “remarkable”, adding: “This observation is consistent with suggestions that austerity measures in response to the 2008 recession, and excess winter deaths such as the unusually high 2014-15 winter deaths, have adversely affected mortality trends.”

It said austerity and flu deaths would exacerbate existing trends in obesity, diabetes, heart disease and dementia.
“Disadvantaged groups may be impacted more, increasing their mortality rates disproportionally such that overall mortality improvements are stalled. As women are notably affected more than men in our analyses, we suggest that austerity has disproportionately impacted women in these countries.”
The argument that austerity in the UK had affected women more than men was backed up, it said, by House of Commons Library research in 2017, which found that 86 per cent of the burden of spending cuts since 2010 had fallen on women. The UK, the US, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Germany and Sweden all saw slower improvements between 2011 and 2015 compared with the preceding decade.
Panel member Professor Debora Price, from the University of Manchester, said: “The gender issues highlighted by this report are very concerning and we need urgently to understand what is driving these. We know that austerity policies have fallen mostly on women – could this be part of the explanation for higher-than-expected deaths?”
Prof Steven Haberman, from Cass Business School, said: “Within the UK, there is also worrying evidence of widening gaps between the trends for the better-off sections of society compared to the more deprived.
“We should expect continuing volatility in mortality rates as the population ages, and with the increasing likelihood of more extreme weather events such as heatwaves and cold snaps.”
Between 1991 and 2011, life expectancy at birth for males in England and Wales grew by almost five years and by more than four years for women. In 2015, a sharp spike in the number of deaths, especially among older people, resulted in an unprecedented fall in life expectancy in England and across several European countries.
In Scandinavia, where improvements were better than expected, “these countries were less affected by austerity and were among the five countries least affected by the 2014-15 excess winter deaths. So, our results are consistent with the suggestion that austerity and excess winter deaths are linked to the recent slowdown in mortality improvement.”

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/austerity-death-rate-life-expectancy-flu-uk-a9350346.html

Haiti – “I live without hope”

While Haiti, the poorest country in the Americas, has long had one of the world’s highest levels of food insecurity, drought has ravaged harvests for the last few years, worsening food shortages and raising prices. The northwest, one of the Caribbean nation’s most remote and impoverished regions, has suffered the most. The impoverished slums of the capital are, together with the Northwest, the areas worst affected by hunger. Humanitarian workers – and Haitians – beg the world not to turn a blind eye to the immediate suffering.
One in three Haitians – around 3.7 million people – needs urgent food assistance, up from 2.6 million people at the end of 2018, the United Nations said in December. Haiti now ranks 111 out of 117 countries on the Global Hunger Index, in the company mostly of the poorest sub-Saharan African countries. If immediate action is not taken, by next month 1.2 million people will only be able to eat one meal every other day in the Caribbean nation, the United Nations has warned.



The real impact of the crisis will show in six months or so as malnutrition sets in, experts like Cédric Piriou, Haiti Country Director of Action Against Hunger, say.
Infant mortality already appears to be rising.
“If we had four children suffering malnutrition die before, now these last few months it has been six to eight,” said Dr Margareth Narcisse, at St Damien Pediatric’s Hospital in Port-au-Prince, the capital city.



A collapse in the gourde currency has put imported food – which supplies more than half the country’s needs – out of reach for many Haitians. By further stoking inflation and squeezing incomes, the peyi lock, as the standstill was known in Creole, has tipped Haiti into a new hunger crisis.
“No one has eaten yet today but if I feed my kids too early in the day they are hungry by night and cannot sleep,” said Frena Remorin, 30. “I don’t have enough money now for two meals a day,” she said.
It wasn’t always like this. 
Haiti was largely food self-sufficient until the 1980s, when at the encouragement of the United States the country started loosening restrictions on crop imports and lowered tariffs, then imported surplus U.S. crops, a decision that put Haitian farmers out of business and contributed to investment tailing off.
Add to this the effects of climate change: Haiti regularly tops the ranks of most vulnerable nations. This is because it is part of an island in the Caribbean, where hurricanes are getting stronger, but also because it has little infrastructure or resilience. In the past, at least they could rely on the mango and breadfruit trees if they could not afford to buy food. But due to the drought, these trees are no longer producing.
In the malnutrition ward, three-year-old Dorvil Chiloveson lies on his side in a cot. He is suffering from severe protein malnutrition, known as kwashiorkor: his tiny body is swollen with edema, with patches of skin discolored and showing raw flesh.
“We couldn’t go sell our harvest during peyi lock so we lost it,” said his grandmother Marise Rose Dor, 41, who lives on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. After they ate their crop, all they could afford was rice with bananas from the garden. Instead of buying drinking water, they used a local spring they know is likely to be contaminated due to the absence of a sewage system in Haiti. Many families can no longer afford purification tablets to clean the water or charcoal to boil it.
The U.N. World Food Programme (WFP), which alongside other international organizations assists Haiti’s most needy, has scaled up operations in response to the crisis, distributing more food, and cash. The WFP estimated in November it needed $72 million to fund this emergency assistance to 700,000 Haitians for eight months. On Wednesday it said it had raised only $19 million so far.

Capitalism V Socialism

State ownership of the productive forces is not the solution… neither the conversion into joint-stock companies nor into state property deprives the productive forces of their character as capital… The workers remain wage-earners, proletarians. The capitalist relationship is not abolished; it is rather pushed to an extreme.  Engels Anti-Dühring



The aim of the Socialist Party is the general liberation of mankind through the establishment of a class-free, state-free society, embracing the whole globe. The goal is world socialism: the abolition of classes, nations and states on a world scale. Socialism is not an “improved” or “more just” version of the system of wage labour, but a wholly new mode of production



Capitalism is a system of universalised commodity production, in which the individual producers do not possess any of the means of production, political issues arise when the definition is concretised. The political problem here is how to define capitalism in such a way as to give an adequate account of forms of commodity production, other than the traditional private firm. In particular, the state socialist and syndicalist deviations must be countered by showing the capitalist character of workers’ cooperatives and nationalised industries.



The basis of a socialist society must be the common ownership of the means of production and distribution. Machinery, transport, factories, warehouses, mills, mines, communication and the land must all be at the disposal of society. All these means of production must be under the control of society as a whole, and not as at present under the control of individual capitalists or capitalist corporations. What do we mean by society as a whole? We mean that ownership and control is not the privilege of a class but of all the persons who make up society. In these circumstances society will be transformed into a huge working organisation for cooperative production. There will then be no anarchy of production. In such a social order, production will be planned. No longer will one enterprise compete with another; the factories, workshops, mines, and other productive institutions will all be one worldwide workshop, which will embrace the entire global economy of production. If all the factories and workshops together with the whole of agricultural production are combined to form an immense cooperative enterprise, it is obvious that everything must be precisely calculated and allocated.



Socialism is the cooperative organisation of all the members of society that puts an end to exploitation, that it abolishes the division of society into classes. Socialist society frees people from oppression by others. The cooperative character of production is displayed in every detail of organisation. Products will be distributed in accordance to the needs. There will be no classes and if there will be no classes, this implies that there will likewise be no State. Previously, the State has been a class organisation of the rulers. The State is always directed by one class against the other. A capitalist State is directed against the working class . If there are no classes, then there is no class war, and there are no class organizations. Consequently the State has ceased to exist. Since there is no class war, the State has become superfluous. There is no one to be held in restraint, and there is no one to impose restraint. Who is going to work out the plans for social production? Who will distribute labour power? Who is going to supervise the whole affair? There will be no need for special ministers of State, for police and prisons, for laws and decrees – nothing of the sort. Just as in an orchestra all the performers watch the conductor’s baton and act accordingly. The State, therefore, has ceased to exist. There are no groups and there is no class standing above all other classes. Moreover, the bureaucracy, the permanent officialdom and elite civil service, will disappear. The State will die out.



In socialist society, where production is not for profit but for use, a plan of production is possible.Socialism implies, in the economic field, ownership of the means of production by society as a whole leading to a rapid increase in the productive forces, planned production. The capitalist class is no longer fit to run society. Capitalism is the main obstacle preventing progress towards a new society in which there will be a good living standard and a rich political and cultural life for all working people and their families; the basic problem of present-day society can only be solved by a revolution by which the working class. The capitalist system is a parasite on society and is maintained entirely by the labour of working people. Capitalism has imposed great suffering upon working people. This can only happen because capitalists possess a monopoly ownership of the means of production, and their control is backed up by the powers of the State. The motive force of the capitalist system, independent of the wishes of individual capitalists, is the drive for profit, which can only be obtained by the exploitation of the working class.



The well-being of the whole of society will be the condition for the healthy development of its individual members. Capitalism, contrary to its claims, represses the potentialities of the great majority of people; these can only be developed under socialism.



The Socialist Party fights uncompromisingly for the interests of fellow-workers. Capitalism has nothing to offer the majority but uncertainty for tomorrow, unemployment, environmental disasters, poverty and war. The struggle between different and irreconcilable class interests dominates social life in all capitalist countries. Society is more and more divided into two camps, where the working class and the ruling class stand against one another. The struggle between these two classes is the most important contradiction in capitalist society. The working class is the only revolutionary class under capitalism. It is the historical task of the working class to put an end to capitalist exploitation and oppression. The most dangerous supporters of capitalism, are the various “worker’s parties” and “Marxists” that act as anti-capitalists and socialists. Reformism will always try to paralyse the workers’ struggle and lead it astray and towards reconciliation with the class enemy. Socialism is the power of the working class. Socialists reclaim the people’s property from the capitalists. The class-free society is the goal for the Socialist Party where the principle “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs” is fully realised.



What is the Socialist Party?

1. What is the Socialist Party of Great Britain?

It is a political party, separate from all others, Left, Right or Centre. It stands for the sole aim of establishing a world social system based upon human need instead of private or state profit. The Object and Declaration of Principles printed in this introductory leaflet were adopted by the Socialist Party in 1904 and have been maintained without compromise since then. In other countries there are companion parties sharing the same object and principles, and they too remain independent from all other political parties.



2. What is capitalism?

Capitalism is the social system which now exists in all countries of the world. Under this system, the means of production and distribution (land, factories, offices, transport, media, etc.) are monopolised by a minority, the capitalist class. All wealth is produced by us, the majority working class, who sell our mental and physical energies to the capitalists in return for a price called a wage or salary. The object of wealth production is to create goods and services which can be sold on the market at a profit. Not only do the capitalists live off the profits they obtain from exploiting the working class, but, as a class, they go on accumulating wealth extracted from each generation of workers.



3. Can capitalism be reformed in our interests?

No: as long as capitalism exists, profits will come before needs. Some reforms are welcomed by some workers, but no reform can abolish the fundamental contradiction between profit and need which is built into the present system. No matter whether promises to make capitalism run in the interests of the workers are made sincerely or by opportunist politicians they are bound to fail, for such a promise is like offering to run the slaughter house in the interests of the cattle.



4. Is nationalisation an alternative to capitalism?

No: nationalised industries simply mean that workers are exploited by the state, acting on behalf of the capitalists of one country, rather than by an individual capitalist or company. The workers in nationalised British Leyland are no less the servants of profit than workers in privately-owned Ford. The mines no more belong to “the public” or the miners now than they did before 1947 when they were nationalised. Nationalisation is state capitalism.



5. Are there any “socialist countries”?

No: the so-called socialist countries are systems of state capitalism. In Russia and its empire, in China, Cuba, Albania, former Yugoslavia and the other countries which call themselves socialist, social power is monopolised by privileged Party bureaucrats. The features of capitalism, as outlined above, are all present. An examination of international commerce shows that the bogus socialist states are part of the world capitalist market and cannot detach themselves from the requirements of profit.



6. What Is the meaning of socialism?

Socialism does not yet exist. When it is established it must be on a worldwide basis, as an alternative to the outdated system of world capitalism. In a socialist society there will be common ownership and democratic control of the earth by its inhabitants. No minority class will be in a position to dictate to the majority that production must be geared to profit. There will be no owners: everything will belong to everyone. Production will be solely for use, not for sale. The only questions society will need to ask about wealth production will be: what do people require, and can the needs be met? These questions will be answered on the basis of the resources available to meet such needs. Then, unlike now, modern technology and communications will be able to be used to their fullest extent. The basic socialist principle will be that people give according to their abilities and take according to their self- defined needs. Work will be on the basis of voluntary co-operation: the coercion of wage and salary work will be abolished. There will be no buying or selling and money will not be necessary, in a society of common ownership and free access. For the first time ever the people of the world will have common possession of the planet earth.



7. How will socialism solve the problems of society?

Capitalism, with its constant drive to serve profit before need, throws up an endless stream of problems. Most workers in Britain feel insecure about their future; almost one in four families with children living below the official government poverty line; many old people live in dangerously cold conditions each winter and thousands die; millions of our fellow men and women are dying of starvation — tens of thousands of them each day. A society based on production for use will end those problems because the priority of socialist society will be the fullest possible satisfaction of needs. At the moment food is destroyed and farmers are subsidised not to produce more: yet many millions are malnourished. At the moment hospital queues are growing longer and people are dying of curable illnesses; yet it is not “economically viable” to provide decent health treatment for all. In a socialist society nothing short of the best will be good enough for any human being.



8. What about human nature?

Human behaviour is not fixed, but determined by the kind of society people are conditioned to live in. The capitalist jungle produces vicious, competitive ways of thinking and acting. But we humans are able to adapt our behaviour and there is no reason why our rational desire for comfort and human welfare should not allow us to co-operate. Even under capitalism people often obtain pleasure from doing a good turn for others; few people enjoy participating in the “civilised” warfare of the daily rat-race. Think how much better it would be if society was based on co-operation.



9. Are socialists democrats?

Yes: the Socialist Party has no leaders. It is a democratic organisation controlled by its members. It understands that Socialism can only be established by a conscious majority of workers — that workers must liberate themselves and will not be liberated by leaders or parties. Socialism will not be brought about by a dedicated minority “smashing the state”, as some left-wingers would have it. Nor do the activities of paid, professional politicians have anything to do with Socialism — the experience of seven Labour governments has shown this. Once a majority of the working class understand and want Socialism, they will take the necessary step to organise consciously for the democratic conquest of political power. There will be no Socialism without a socialist majority.



10. What is the next step?

Many workers know that there is something wrong and want to change society. Some join reform groups in the hope that capitalism can be patched up, but such efforts are futile because you cannot run a system of class exploitation in the interests of the exploited majority. People who fear a nuclear war may join CND. but as long as nation states exist, economic rivalry means that the world will never be safe from the threat of war. There are countless dedicated campaigns and good causes which many sincere people are caught up in, but there is only one solution to the problems of capitalism and that is to get rid of it, and establish Socialism. Before we can do that we need socialists; winning workers to that cause requires knowledge, principles and an enthusiasm for change. These qualities can be developed by anyone — and are essential for anyone who is serious about changing society. Capitalism in 2020 is still a system of waste, deprivation and frightening insecurity. You owe it to yourself to find out about the one movement which stands for the alternative.


If you have read this set of principles and agree with some or all of them, contact the Socialist Party with your questions and ideas about what you can do to help speed the progress towards Socialism.



To The Princes of The Church. (poem)

(From the Socialist Standard, February 1915.)

You prate of love and murmur of goodwill,

Turn sanctimonious eyes toward your God,

Write on your walls the text “Thou shalt not kill,”

Point out the path your “Prince of Peace” once trod,

While all the time, with murder in your hearts,

You lie, cajole, and bully that the fools

Who heed your words may play their foolish parts

As slaves of Mammon, as the War-Lord’s tools.

On many a field, in many a river bed,

Of Flanders and of Poland and of France,

Your bloody-minded words bear fruit indeed.

Preachers of Death! the thought of maimed and dead

Will nerve us when our hosts of Life advance

To crush for ever your accursed breed.  F. J. Webb