Abby Day, professor of race, faith and culture at Goldsmiths, University of London, expects this year’s census the proportion of people ticking Christianity “could drop below 50%”. Peter Brierley, an expert on religion statistics, said he predicted 48% or 49% identifying as Christian, but David Voas, head of the social sciences department at University College London, said he would be surprised if the figure fell below 50%.

According to Day, further decline was largely due to baby boomers – people born between 1946 and 1964 – raising their children outside the institutions of religion.

“Religion tends to be transmitted within families. But many baby boomers, who were largely brought up by people who went to church, dramatically broke with that,” she told the Observer. “Baby boomers have since raised a generation of millennials who don’t go to church. And people who weren’t brought up as practising Christians generally don’t become religious later in life…”

 Church of England data shows that average Sunday attendance in 2019 was 600,000 adults, or fewer than 1% of the population. A third of those attending church were aged 70 or over.

Day said there was a “dark side” to “cultural Christianity”. “The populist right has pushed the idea that we are a Christian country to reinforce its anti-immigration stance by fuelling rhetoric about Britain losing its identity.”

The census question, ‘What is your religion?’, implies everyone should have one. Andrew Copson, chief executive of Humanists UK, said: 

“Most people in the UK say they are non-religious, a distinct minority have religious beliefs, and very few attend places of worship.”

 Nevertheless, a majority of people ticked a religion box in the last census because of their background or upbringing.

When asked those who identified as Christian the reasons for their answer. Almost six in 10 (59%) said it was because they had been christened, and 49% because they were brought up to think of themselves as Christian. More than a quarter (26%) said it was “because this is a Christian country”. Over half (51%) said they never attended a place of worship or did so less than once a year.

Only a third (34%) said they ticked Christian because they “believe in the teachings of Christianity”.

Less than half of Britons expected to tick ‘Christian’ in UK census | Census | The Guardian

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

 You cannot make a revolution.

What was called the ‘March Action’ of 1921 was a failed attempt to re-ignite the revolutionary fervour of Germans by the KPD, the German Communist Party, which drew in the German Workers Party, the KAPD. Another even more futile  rising by the KPD took place in Hamburg in 1923.

 Karl Radek of the KPD, said that it was necessary to break with the passive wait-and-see attitude of Germany’s workers after the abortive Revolution of 1918-19. It led to Rosa Luxemburg’s ally, Paul Levi, to break with Comintern which is said to have instigated what can only be described as an stillborn putsch. 

The March Action was centred around the industrial region of Leuna in Mansfeld, Saxony where left-wing militancy was strong. On the 21st a general strike was called and that seemed as far as the workers were prepared to go. They were not prepared to engage in an actual insurrection. This point of view was shared by the KAPD members in the Leuna factory who were unaware of their Berlin central committee supported the KPD’s armed struggle strategy. 

The radical Max Holz led a couple of hundred “urban guerrillas” of who the two communist organisations had little control. 

The rest of Germany remained relatively calm.

This  ‘March Action’ resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands being imprisoned for their involvement. It caused a widening of the split between the Communist Party cadres and the rank and file with mass resignations from both communist groups and their affiliated unions.

With so much resistance from women against the violence inflicted upon them now featuring in the media, there are other forms of repression and oppression which equally leads to the subjugation of females. In India, it is the ubiquitous  dowry system and arranged marriages that reveals that daughters are traded as a commodity.

This article condemns the practice as the “curse” of India. 

India has an alarming rate of crime over dowry; either murdered, or compelled to commit suicide. The pernicious system of dowry and the unconscionable demands made by greedy and unscrupulous husbands and their relatives, results in an alarming number of suicidal and dowry deaths of women.

Every 16 minutes there is a rape, one death in each hour and 20 women die in a day. 7000 deaths linked to dowry in 2017 . 

Each passing year cases are rising higher, in the year 2001 was 19 per day, in 2016 was 21 per day according to the National Crime Bureau of India.

In the patriarchy which is India, women have been relegated to mere procreation and attending the household chores. The patriarchal culture dilutes freedom and equality of women in all walks of life. Dowry continues to be a basic component of the marriage system although its form, magnitude and the associated atrocities on the women vary according to the customary norms of the different communities. 

Dowry in India is not limited to any specific religion. Dowry primarily associated with marriages in Hindu society has penetrated into other societies such as Muslims, Christians and to some extent also in Sikh community. Religions consolidate the male domination where woman are subject to her husband and her in-laws. Dowries and elaborate wedding ceremonies bring financial debts that can rarely be paid off.

Dowry is basically a cultural and social problem which cannot be eradicated by law alone. India has already legislation in attempts to counter the custom. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was passed in 1961 to prohibit the practice of giving or receiving dowry. It was amended in 1984 and 1986 respectively to curb the evil practice of dowry. To further strengthen the anti-dowry law and to stop offences of cruelty by the husband or his relatives against the wife, new provisions were added to the Indian criminal law- section 498A to Indian Penal Code and section 198A to the Criminal Procedure Code in 1983. In 2005, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act was passed, which added an additional layer of protection from dowry harassment. In 2019, Government of India passed legislation for the Muslim Women “Protection of Rights on Marriage Act”. This act declared Triple Talaq illegal and onward any Muslim husband pronounces triple talaq to his wife liable to 3 years imprisonment and fine. 

Those laws have not put an end to dowry.