Author: ajohnstone

Socialism for our children and our children’s children

An assessment from 40 global child and adolescent health experts in “A Future for the World’s Children?” The expert commission was convened by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the prestigious medical journal The Lancet, says every nation on the planet is failing children because of the threats to their health and wellbeing from the climate and ecological crises and commercial exploitation.



No single country in the world is adequately protecting children’s health, their environment & their future. “This report shows that the world’s decision makers are, too often, failing today’s children and youth: failing to protect their health, failing to protect their rights, and failing to protect their planet,” said WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.



The climate crisis is already unleashing harmful impacts on children around the world, the report notes, and, thanks to the global community’s failure to act with the ambition science requires, those impacts are set to worsen. “Under widely used business-as-usual scenarios, there is a 93% chance that global warming will exceed 4°C by the year 2100,” says the report.

Runaway warming threatens “devastating health consequences,” the report adds, as a result of “disruption of water and ecosystems, rising ocean levels, inundation of coastal cities and small island nations, increased mortality from heatwaves, proliferation of vector-borne disease, and a crisis of malnutrition because of disruption to food production systems.”


In terms of “Excess CO2 emissions relative to 2030 targets,” the U.S. is at 500%. But the country is far from alone in failing in that area—the publication notes that “wealthier countries threaten the future of all children through excessive carbon emissions. “


But it’s not only climate crisis undermining children’s hopes for a liveable planet.


“Children worldwide are also highly exposed to advertising for products nominally for use by adults only, such as alcohol, tobacco and e-cigarettes,” the report says, and are victims of “insidious advertising which encourages formula feeding” over breastfeeding. Children’s data and their images are also being exploited. And industry self-regulation just won’t work, the report adds.


As commission co-chair and former Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark, explained, children are under a “commercial assault,” which she linked to the obesity epidemic and poor health outcomes. Children “are targeted by those who promote sugary drinks, fatty foods, so much salt—from the whole obesogenic environment,” said Clark. 


“From the climate crisis to obesity and harmful commercial marketing, children around the world are having to contend with threats that were unimaginable just a few generations ago,” said Henrietta Fore, UNICEF executive director. “It is time for a rethink on child health, one which places children at the top of every government’s development agenda and puts their well-being above all considerations.”


As a companion editorial at The Lancet stresses, the time to act is now.
 

“The power of children’s voices has emerged over the past two years as a source of hope,” reads the editorial. “Their collective concerns must now be heard, and effective actions taken to prevent the next generation inheriting an irreversibly damaged planet.”


“There can be no excuses,” it states, “and no time to lose.”



Questions about socialism

The Socialist Party declares that the workers have it in their power to build a society wherein the wealth produced shall be freely available to everyone without the need to buy, sell or exchange everything that is required. To imagine themselves having access to the goods that they have worked to produce without having to ask “How much?” or “Can I afford it?” makes many workers shake their heads in disbelief. They recognise everything as the property of some person or persons. They accept without question the fact that goods are only available to them when they can afford to buy. The proposal that there can be a condition of things where the institution of buying and selling does not exist, makes them look for a flaw.



 At socialist meetings they will ask in a surprised tone, “Do you mean that we can just walk into a place and eat without paying?”, “Do you mean that we don’t have to pay rent?”, “Are you suggesting that we can go into a shop and get a suit of clothes and walk out without paying?”, “How will the boot repairer or the bus driver or the canteen waitress live if we do not pay for the goods that we have?”



It should not be difficult to visualise a society where such procedure prevailed. Goods and services would be produced as they are today. The difference being that many who now are engaged in socially useless tasks and those who are not engaged in production in any shape or form, would then contribute their share of effort, thus making the task lighter for all. All the things produced, food, clothing, houses, transport facilities, entertainment, furniture, etc., all the things necessary to make life comfortable, would then be at the disposal of everyone, according to their requirements.



 We cannot attempt to map out in advance the detailed plans of organisation of a future society. Society is not a piece of architecture, it grows like an organism, and organs develop as the need for them arises. The prevailing conditions will determine such details in a socialist community.




The Socialist Party does not advocate such a system of society just because it would be nice to live that way. We recognise that the present system of producing things in order that they may be sold, and that someone may make a profit out of the process, is the cause of all working class problems. From this root cause arises the poverty of the workers with its attendant problems of housing, malnutrition, overwork and unemployment, economic insecurity, crime, etc. Also from the same source comes the greatest of all catastrophes, War. To eliminate these evils it is necessary to remove the cause. 



So what must we do? If the cause is private ownership with its production for sale, what stands in the way of abolishing this condition? Private ownership. Only things that are owned by someone can be sold or exchanged. When goods are produced they are not made available to the producers. They remain in the hands of those who own the tools and machinery which are used to make them. By virtue of their ownership these people have the right to say what shall be produced, how much shall be produced and how the goods and services shall be distributed. The whole of the structure of present day society is directed towards maintaining this order of things. The majority of the workers accept this system, governments administer it, police, judges and jailers enforce it, soldiers, sailors and airmen fight for it, and the owners of the land, mines, factories, transport systems, workshops, etc., thrive on it. Only the socialist challenges it.



Many workers try to find ways and means of remedying the evil effects of this system without even realising the fundamental cause of these evils. To them it seems a very complicated affair, requiring complicated plans. To them the simple socialist proposition of converting the means of production from private or state ownership to common ownership, and thus making all the wealth produced freely available to everyone according to their needs, is difficult of comprehension. But there is no problem thrown up by society that does not have its solution portrayed in that society. If we seek an example, a lesson or an illustration of a future social development we can always find it in our present circumstances.



The icing on the cake

Companies paid out a record $1.43tn (£1.10tn) in dividends to shareholders around the world last year. From a low base in 2009 after the financial crisis, dividends have grown strongly over the past decade. In that time, pay-outs have almost doubled, with investors receiving $694bn more in dividends in 2019 than 10 years previously. Technology dividends, a notable bright spot, have quadrupled since 2009.



The record-breaking annual dividend pay-out from listed companies was driven by strong performances in stock markets in North America and emerging economies, including by some unusually high special dividends, although global economic uncertainty slowed the annual pace of growth. The total payment was 3.5% higher than in 2018.



Janus Henderson studied dividends paid by the world’s 1,200 largest companies in 2019. It found shareholder payouts from UK and European firms were less generous than the global average. Pay-outs to investors in oil companies rose more quickly, by a 10th, while dividends from telecoms stocks fell.

Dividends from UK-listed companies reached $105.8bn (£81.2bn) in 2019, a rise of 6.2% on the previous year, boosted by large special payments from mining companies Rio Tinto and BHP, and Royal Bank of Scotland. However, the UK’s underlying 2.9% growth was below the global average.



Payments vary widely between European countries. For example, France registered record pay-outs, while Belgium’s were the weakest, due to a halving in the payment made by brewer Anheuser-Busch.



Ben Lofthouse, head of global equity income at Janus Henderson, said: “With the exception of a few specific sectors, the pace of earnings growth slowed across the world in 2019 as the global economy lost some momentum.”



However, Janus Henderson believed investor payouts would rise again this year and predicted global economic growth and increasing company profits. Lofthouse said: “2020 is on track to deliver the fifth consecutive year of record dividends.”

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/feb/17/companies-paid-record-143tn-in-dividends-in-2019




Socialism — The Hope of the World

Socialism can’t be built on the ruins of the existing society by a revolt of starving beggars in rags. It can only result from organised working people. The present strength of the Socialist Party counts for little. Its ability to build for the future is its true significance. We are not a party of patchwork reform, nor a party of sham revolutionary slogans, but are firmly rooted in a policy of education and organisation. For many long years the Socialist Party has appealed to fellow-workers to organise and take over the entire means of production and distribution. Books, pamphlets, leaflets and periodicals of all kinds we have freely circulated, with scant result. It is not a question of condemning capitalism; capitalism repeatedly condemns itself.



 The onus is on the Socialist Party of demonstrating in a way that can be understood that the theories it has so long expounded can be translated into a practical method of producing and distributing the wealth in such a way as to end for ever the exploitation of the many by the privileged few. Can we carry through a revolution that will take us out of capitalism into the new world of socialism? Yes, we say, we can do it. All we have to do is to organise and capture political power. If wages are abolished with the taking over of the industries, what form of organisation, for the purpose of distributing the necessities of life, do we propose should take its place? The industries are already in the hands of the workers, but the strength of the employers lies in the fact that they own, control and direct production. What the Socialist Party show is that we can carry on the distribution without feeding the voracious greed of these socially useless parasites, who are waiting at every turn to squeeze a profit out of us.



 The Socialist Party does not hide the fact that it is the consistent enemy of capitalism which aims to replace capitalism by socialism not only because it is possible to do so but because it is absolutely necessary to the maintenance and the progress and evolution of society.



We are convinced that if capitalism is allowed to continue, we will be plunged into barbarism. If humanity is to advance it must move on to socialism. Capitalism produces only when there is a profit for the owner of capital. When there is no profitable market for his product, the capitalist will not produce, no matter how great and urgent the need of the people for a secure decent living standard. What is worse is that the longer capitalism is allowed to exist, the greater becomes the inequality-social, economic and political and the lesser becomes the prosperity of the people. Capitalism reeks more and more. of the slave-market. Every day it lives it brings us a step closer to barbarism.



Socialism is the common ownership of the means of production and distribution and their democratic organisation and running by all the people in a society free of classes, class divisions and class rule. Socialism is the democratic organisation of production for use, of production for abundance, of plenty for all, without the exploitation of man by man. Socialism is the union of the whole world allocating the natural resources and wealth of our planet. Can this great ideal ever be accomplished? It can and must be if we are to maintain and advance society to new levels. Can socialism organise production and distribution in the interests of society as a whole, providing abundance, security and freedom for all? Yes, socialism and only socialism  With socialism, production is organised for use, not for profit.



Where there is abundance for all, the nightmare of insecurity vanishes. There are jobs for all, and they are no longer dependent on whether or not the employer can make a fat profit in a fat market. There is not only a high standard of living, but every industrial advance is followed by a rising standard of living and a declining working-day. Where there is abundance for all, and where no one has the economic power to exploit and oppress others, the basis of classes, class division and class conflict vanishes. The basis of a ruling state, of a government of violence and repression, with its prisons and police and army, also disappears. Police and thieves, prisons and violence are inevitable where there is economic inequality, or abundance for the few and scarcity for the many. They disappear when there is plenty for all, therefore economic equality, therefore social equality. Where there is abundance for all, and where all have equal access to the fruits of the soil and the wealth of industry, the mad conflicts and wars between nations and peoples vanish. With them vanishes the irrepressible urge that exists under capitalism for one nation to subject others, to rob it of its rights, to exploit and oppress it, to provoke and maintain the hideous national and racial antagonisms that cling to capitalism like an ineradicable bloodstain.



Where mankind is free of economic exploitation, of economic inequality, of economic insecurity, he is free for the first time to develop as a human being among his fellow human beings, free to contribute to the unfolding of a new culture and a new human race, which recalls the capitalistic war of all against all only as a sordid and horrible memory of mankind’s ugly childhood. To the achievement of this noble ideal which is a burning necessity, socialism addresses itself firstly and above all to the members of the working class. 



History has given them the lofty task, of making a reality out of the ideal. They are the most numerous class in present-day society. They are the best organized and best trained class, and the most democratically representative of all the people ruled by capitalism. But not only that. The conditions of existence to which capitalism condemns them, forces them, day in and day out, to fight against these very conditions. This fight cannot be conducted consistently nor, in the long run, successfully, unless it becomes a conscious fight against the whole rotten foundation of capitalism and for laying the foundation of socialism. 





The migrants few know about

On average, 11,500 people boarded vessels each month from the Horn of Africa to Yemen in 2019, making it the busiest maritime migration route on earth.



International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) shows that over 138,000 people crossed the Gulf of Aden to Yemen last year. More than 110,000 migrants and refugees crossed the Mediterranean to Europe during the same period.



This is the second year in a row that the so-called Eastern Route has reported more crossings than the Mediterranean. In 2018, roughly 150,000 people made the journey.





“While tragedies along the Mediterranean routes are well reported, our staff bear witness daily to the abuse suffered by young people from the Horn of Africa at the hands of smugglers and traffickers exploiting their hopes for a better life,” said Mohammed Abdiker, IOM Regional Director for the East and Horn of Africa.

“To get to Yemen, they crammed about 280 of us into one boat,” a thirty-two-year-old Ethiopian man told IOM in Aden, Yemen. “There was no oxygen, and some people committed suicide by throwing themselves into the sea.”
“When we arrived in Yemen, smugglers held us for a month,” said one eighteen-year-old Ethiopian migrant. “We were beaten, tortured, abused and threatened for ransom. My family sent USD 900 to save my life so I was released with some other people who had paid.”



Not only has migration on the Eastern Route not been reduced by five years of conflict in Yemen, migrants appear undeterred by the Gulf’s strict immigration policies for undocumented migrants. Those making the perilous journey to the Gulf cross deserts with little food or water and territories controlled by armed groups. Most are travelling in search of economic opportunities unattainable at home, while others are fleeing insecurity, human rights abuses and adverse living conditions.
IOM works across the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Gulf, providing life-saving emergency support to migrants in need and supporting development in home communities.



“However, the most effective protection mechanism for migrants remains the establishment of legal pathways for migration. IOM is committed to supporting all authorities along the Eastern route to better manage migration, ensuring the safety and dignity of migrants.”

Nearly 90 per cent of those who arrived in Yemen in 2019 intended to continue on to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Often coming from the rural regions of Oromia, Amhara and Tigray, approximately 92 per cent of people making the journey were Ethiopian nationals.



https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/journey-africa-yemen-remains-world-s-busiest-maritime-migration-route

People are a valuable resource

At the annual World Economic Forum in Davos primatologist Dr Jane Goodall remarked at the event that human population growth is responsible, and that most environmental problems wouldn’t exist if our numbers were at the levels they were 500 years ago.



Such an argument has grim implications and is based on a misreading of the underlying causes of the current crises. As these escalate, people must be prepared to challenge and reject the overpopulation argument. 



The idea that there were simply too many people being born – most of them in the developing world where population growth rates had started to take off – filtered into the arguments of radical environmental groups such as Earth First! Certain factions within the group became notorious for remarks about extreme hunger in regions with burgeoning populations such as Africa – which, though regrettable, could confer environmental benefits through a reduction in human numbers.



In reality, the global human population is not increasing exponentially, but is in fact slowing and predicted to stabilise at around 11 billion by 2100. Population has been predicted to start declining and has in fact already started to decline, there is no need for “population engineering”



More importantly, focusing on human numbers obscures the true driver of many of our ecological woes. That is, the waste and inequality generated by modern capitalism and its focus on endless growth and profit accumulation. Inequalities in power, wealth and access to resources – not mere numbers – are key drivers of environmental degradation.



In 2018 the planet’s top emitters – North America and China – accounted for nearly half of global CO2 emissions. In fact, the comparatively high rates of consumption in these regions generate so much more CO2 than their counterparts in low-income countries that an additional 3-to-4 billion people in the latter would hardly make a dent on global emissions.

Issues of ecological and social justice cannot be separated from one another. Blaming human population growth – often in poorer regions – risks fuelling a racist backlash and displaces blame from the powerful industries that continue to pollute the atmosphere. Developing regions in Africa, Asia and Latin America often bear the brunt of climate and ecological catastrophes, despite having contributed the least to them.




The problem is extreme inequality, the excessive consumption of the world’s ultra-rich, and a system that prioritizes profits over social and ecological well-being. This is where we should be devoting our attention. 


Capitalism, not consumerism, not population, is the greatest danger to the species.


Taken from here





Toward A New Freedom



Today the whole world is in the throes of the deep crises of capitalism. General living standards are falling and a growing proportion of the people of the World are under-nourished and actually starving. It is an astonishing paradox that, in a world where science and technology have advanced to the stage where there could be plenty for all, there is a growing amount of want and hunger. Not only are millions unnecessarily materially deprived but the great majority of the people of the world are oppressed in various ways. Capitalists oppress workers, states oppress whole classes, some nations dominate other nations, men oppress women, etc. Even those people who escape the worst excesses of oppression and exploitation often find that their lives are empty and meaningless; they experience severe alienation.



 Capitalism is poisoning the atmosphere, polluting the oceans and ravaging the land, and surely nature is turning against us. Although the human species has shown itself able to radically change itself and the world it lives in, it has not yet brought these processes under full conscious control. None of these things are isolated and are all interconnected in one way or another with this system of economics that rules over us. Our species has developed to the point where, if we so choose, we can harmonise ourselves and our environment so as to bring about our further development in a positive direction.



At the root of all these problems is the exploitation of some people by other people and it is the capitalist class exploiting the working class. All of the deprivations and conflicts, in the last analysis, are brought about by a society divided into oppressors and oppressed. No lasting solution to any of these problems will be found while capitalism survives in the world. The only way forward is to bring about the socialist revolution and build a society where oppressive and exploitative class divisions and all the evils that go with them are abolished. 



Today humanity stands at a turning point: either we develop the revolutionary socialist transformation of society or we may eventually witness our civilisation destroyed. There is nothing inevitable about the future advancement of mankind. The only real, lasting way forward is socialism. If we do not move forward then we will stagnate or move backwards. The choice before us is “Socialism or Barbarism”. 



Capitalists are not interested in production to benefit the peoples of the world or even their own people. They are interested only in profits. If the productive forces in the world were to be utilised for the purposes of construction, the entire planet could be transformed and the standards of living and level of culture raised to undreamed of heights. This is not possible under capitalism. Plenty under this system can only produce crises of over-production, slumps and unemployment, because of the basic necessity of the capitalist class to make profits. This springs from the economic laws of the system, not the desires, good or bad, on the part of the capitalists. Only the unity of the workers, leading to world socialism can produce a “One World” which can abolish want and oppression and war.





Defence Spending Rises

According to the report, which measures over 170 countries, global defense spending rose 4% in 2019 compared to 2018.



 The U.S. continued to claim top spot in military expenditures, spending $638 billion in 2019. China was the second biggest spender at $185 billion. Both countries’ spending grew 6.6% compared to the prior year. But, “the trajectory of the two states’ defense spending is diverging,” wrote Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, IISS research fellow for Defence Economics and Procurement, in a related blog post. “The budget increase in the U.S. was the largest in 10 years, and spending has increased year-on-year since U.S. President Donald Trump took office. While spending is still rising in China, the pace of growth is decelerating.” As a result, the spending gap between the two countries has widened. 



The U.S. increase alone of $53.4 billion, the report added, was roughly on par with Britain’s entire defence budget.




Pensions Back-lash

Were you born after April 1978? Then you will be the first generation of both males and females who won’t receive a penny in state pension until you reach the age of 68 – and there is even talk of raising that to 70. Why have we so meekly accepted this when in Ireland and France it has reached the point of bringing down governments?



It played no small part in Sinn Fein’s victory. Sinn Fein’s extraordinary election victory in Ireland is widely seen as a protest vote against the disarray in public hospitals and soaring rents in urban areas. Yet the exit polls also revealed that plans to raise the state pension age in Ireland to 67 in 2021, and 68 in 2028 was the third most important issue among voters after health and housing. It seems almost every political party was taken aback by how frequently the pension age was raised on doorsteps during the election. Sinn Fein pledged to roll back the state pension age to 65.



 Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald said during the election campaign: “For us the idea that somebody would be forced to continue working until they’re almost 70, or that people of 65 or 66 will be sent down to the dole queues, it’s absolutely disgraceful.”



In France, the protests have gone on to the streets. The rail network has been paralysed, electricity supplies cut, and violent demonstrations met with police teargas. All this because Macron’s government is proposing that those born after 1974 won’t get a full pension (more generous than in the UK) until they are 64, at present 62.



 In Britain, we have been browbeaten by endless talk of the demographic time bomb; the idea that they’ll be trillions of elderly people and hardly any young workers coming up behind them to support pensions as before. There is no alternative, we’re told.



Yes, the population is ageing, and state pensions take up a vast proportion of public spending. But recent projections show that the population is ageing rather less fast than predicted. Even in 2017, before the slowdown in longevity growth was part of the picture, the Office for Budget Responsibility and the EU were projecting that Britain’s demographic time bomb was much less explosive than elsewhere in Europe.



It projected that age-related expenditure on pensions would rise from 7.7% of UK GDP in 2010 to 9.2% in 2060. That’s an increase of 1.5% of GDP over a half century although that will, of course, be in part because of the measures we have already put in place. Other countries face much bigger forecast burdens; the Netherlands and Belgium are in the 8-10% range.

Yet Britain is fast-tracking to a pension age of 68 ahead of every other Western European country apart from Ireland.

Slavery

“Slavery is illegal everywhere.” The truth of this statement has been taken for granted for decades. Yet our new research reveals that almost half of all countries in the world have yet to actually make it a crime to enslave another human being.



Legal ownership of people was indeed abolished in all countries over the course of the last two centuries. But in many countries it has not been criminalised. In almost half of the world’s countries, there is no criminal law penalising either slavery or the slave trade. In 94 countries, you cannot be prosecuted and punished in a criminal court for enslaving another human being.



94 states (49%) appear not to have criminal legislation prohibiting slavery 112 states (58%) appear not to have put in place penal provisions punishing forced labour 180 states (93%) appear not to have enacted legislative provisions criminalising servitude 170 states (88%) appear to have failed to criminalise the four institutions and practices similar to slavery. In all these countries, there is no criminal law in place to punish people for subjecting people to these extreme forms of human exploitation. Abuses in these cases can only be prosecuted indirectly through other offences – such as human trafficking – if they are prosecuted at all. In short, slavery is far from being illegal everywhere.



Human trafficking is defined in international law, while other catch-all terms, such as “modern slavery”, are not. In international law, human trafficking consists of three elements: the act (recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring, or receiving the person); the use of coercion to facilitate this act; and an intention to exploit that person. The crime of trafficking requires all three of its elements to be present. Prosecuting the exploitation itself — be it, for instance, forced labour or slavery — would require specific domestic legislation beyond provisions addressing trafficking.



So having domestic human trafficking legislation in place does not enable prosecution of forced labour, servitude or slavery as offences in domestic law. And while the vast majority of states have domestic criminal provisions prohibiting trafficking, most have not yet looked beyond this to legislate against the full range of exploitation practices they have committed to prohibit.
less than 5% of the 175 states that have undertaken legally-binding obligations to criminalise human trafficking have fully aligned their national law with the international definition of trafficking. This is because they have narrowly interpreted what constitutes human trafficking, creating only partial criminalisation of slavery. The scale of this failing is clear:



a handful of states criminalise trafficking in children, but not in adults some states criminalise trafficking in women or children, specifically excluding victims who are men from protection 121 states have not recognised that trafficking in children should not require coercive means (as required by the Palermo Protocol) 31 states do not criminalise all relevant acts associated with trafficking, and 86 do not capture the full range of coercive means several states have focused exclusively on suppressing trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, and thereby failed to outlaw trafficking for the purposes of slavery, servitude, forced labour, institutions and practices similar to slavery, or organ harvesting. https://www.alternet.org/2020/02/slavery-is-not-a-crime-in-almost-half-the-countries-of-the-world-new-research/



Worth a read from the website of the World Socialist Party of the United States.