South Korea’s shrinking population

In South Korea,  United Nations data shows the average woman has just 1.1 children, creating a demographic crisis which threatens to shrink its rapidly ageing population and economy.



To reverse this worrying trend, the government has rolled out a slew of costly measures to boost gender equality among its 51 million people, including improving parental leave policies and offering fertility treatment to couples and single women.

http://news.trust.org/item/20200119232652-15l96/

Greenhouse Gas Increases

Scientists had expected to find a dramatic reduction in levels of the hydrofluorocarbon HFC-23 in the atmosphere after India and China, two of the main sources, reported in 2017 that they had almost completely eliminated emissions. But a paper published in the journal Nature Communications says that by 2018 concentrations of the gas – used in fridges, inhalers and air conditioners – had not fallen but were increasing at a record rate.
HFCs were hailed as an answer to the hole in the ozone layer that appeared over Antarctica in the 1980s because they replaced hundreds of chemical substances widely used in aerosols that depleted the thin layer of ozone that protects Earth from harmful rays from the sun. But in recent years there has been mounting concern at how the potent greenhouse gas was undermining efforts to keep global heating below dangerous levels. Scientists say one tonne of HFC-23 emissions is equivalent to the release of more than 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.

Matt Rigby, from Bristol University, who co-authored the study and is a member of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment, said academics had hoped to see a big reduction following the reports from India and China.



“This potent greenhouse gas has been growing rapidly in the atmosphere for decades now, and these reports suggested that the rise should have almost completely stopped in the space of two or three years. This would have been a big win for climate.”



Scientists say the fact they found emissions had risen is a puzzle and could have implications for the Montreal protocol, an international treaty that was designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.



“Our study finds that it is very likely that China has not been as successful in reducing HFC-23 emissions as reported,” he said. “However, without additional measurements, we can’t be sure whether India has been able to implement its abatement programme.”



https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/21/study-finds-shock-rise-in-levels-of-potent-greenhouse-gas-hfc-23

World Unemployment

Nearly half a billion people around the world are struggling to find adequate paid work, trapping individuals in poverty and fuelling heightened levels of inequality, according to a UN report.



473 million people around the world lacked the employment opportunities to meet their needs. In addition, the UN agency said global unemployment was due to rise for the first time in almost a decade in 2020, as weaker levels of economic growth around the world lead to the number of people out of work rising by about 2.5 million to stand at more than 190 million.
Out of a working-age population of 5.7 billion people around the world, the ILO found as many as 165 million people were employed but unable to find work with an adequate amount of paid hours to meet their needs. It also found a further 119 million had either given up actively searching for work or lacked access to the jobs market because of their personal situations. Alongside those officially classified as unemployed, about 473 million people across the planet are affected.
In a stark assessment of the risks from underemployment, it said the lack of productive, well-paid jobs meant more than 630 million workers worldwide lived in extreme or moderate poverty on incomes of less than $3.20 (£2.46) a day. Despite a gradual trend to reduce global poverty levels, it said that these people lacked adequate income to escape destitution.
Guy Ryder, the director general of the ILO, said: “For millions of ordinary people, it’s increasingly difficult to build better lives through work. Persisting and substantial work-related inequalities and exclusion are preventing them from finding decent work and better futures. That’s an extremely serious finding that has profound and worrying implications for social cohesion.”

https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2020/jan/20/un-report-half-a-billion-people-struggle-to-find-adequate-paid-work

White Power on Display

On Martin Luther King Day could you imagine if thousands of African-Americans paraded in the streets with rifles, many masked and in combat gear.



Today white pro-gun advocates including some white nationalists, far-right militia members, anti-government extremists, and neo-Nazis are protesting in Richmond, Virginia against proposed gun-control law. Governor Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency and banned guns from the capital. The ban does not appear to being enforced.



What would the reports on Fox News be if thousands of blacks were openly carrying weapons. History recalls the  reaction of the State when a few decades ago, the Black Panthers armed themselves for self-defence. Ronald Reagan then governor of California passed gun control laws with the support of the NRA. 



White fear of armed black people overcame the NRA’s defence of the 2nd Amendment. 



And the media made little protest as members of the Black Panthers were murdered by police.







Some housing facts

 From In These Times

24.7%: U.S. renters who spend more than half their income on rent. 49.5%: Those who spend more than the federal threshold of “affordable” (30% of income). 7,000,000: Nationwide shortage of affordable homes for low-income renters.  552,830: People experiencing homelessness on a single night in 2018. 7,400,000: Americans forced to move in with friends or family. 32%: Increase in median rent from 2001 to 2015. 97%: Increase in the number of homes renting for $2,000 or more between 2005 and 2015. 80%: U.S. markets where home prices are growing faster than wages. 1%: U.S. counties where a fair-market one-bedroom rental home is affordable for a full-time minimum-wage worker. 103: Weekly hours worked at minimum wage needed to afford a one-bedroom home at national average fair-market rent.

There are at least 10 million unoccupied homes in the US. Houses are built for profit not need. Thus, particularly during a slump, brick mountains, empty houses, mothballed developments, and unemployed builders exist alongside the homeless and those living in sub-standard accommodation.

Poor Education for the Poor

A new study has revealed that one out of three adolescent girls from the poorest households around the world has never been to school.



“Countries everywhere are failing the world’s poorest children, and in doing so, failing themselves,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “As long as public education spending is disproportionately skewed towards children from the richest households, the poorest will have little hope of escaping poverty, learning the skills they need to compete and succeed in today’s world, and contributing to their countries’ economies.”



The UNICEF study finds that “education for children from the richest 20% of households are allocated nearly double the amount of education funding than children from the poorest 20% of households.”



Disparities in education spending are particularly high in ten African countries, with four times as much funding allocated to the richest children compared with the poorest.



Guinea and the Central African Republic are the countries with some of the world’s highest rates of out-of-school children, with the richest children benefitting more from the public education funds than the poorest children.

More than half of children living in low- and middle-income countries cannot read or understand a simple story by the end of primary school.



https://www.dw.com/en/one-in-three-girls-from-poor-households-has-never-attended-school-unicef/a-52064084

Hunger in Canada

Canadians who cannot afford regular meals are more likely to die early, according to a study showing that people are dying from hunger even in wealthy countries. More than 4 million people in Canada struggle to get enough to eat, official data show, a problem that ranges from running out of food or skipping meals to compromising on quantity and quality. Globally, more than 2 billion people lack access to adequate healthy food, putting them at risk of health problems, including 8 percent of people in North America or Europe, according to the latest data from the United Nations.



The study of more than half a million Canadian adults found that hunger was linked to raised mortality from all causes of death except cancer.



But infectious diseases, unintentional injuries and suicide were twice as likely to kill those who faced severe problems finding enough food as those who do not, said the paper, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.



“It’s like we found third-world causes in a first-world country,” lead author Fei Men, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.



“Food insecure people in Canada are facing problems like infections and drug poisoning that we would expect people from developing countries to be facing,” he said.



“The results are pretty striking to us as well. In the developed world such as Canada, food insecurity can still cause deaths,” Men added.
Not having enough to eat leads to both “material deprivation and psychological distress” which in turn results in chronic inflammation and malnutrition, it said.



They are also less able to manage chronic conditions, Men said.



“If they have diabetes, they are more likely to not adhere to their treatment and drugs so it might have much bigger and harmful effect on them.”

The findings show public health efforts to prevent and treat diseases and injuries should take into account people’s access to adequate food, the authors said.



https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/wealthy-canada-millions-hungry-report-200120070208864.html

Global Inequality

The 42 richest people in the world have as much wealth as half the world put together.



The world’s richest 2,153 people controlled more money than the poorest 4.6 billion



The 22 richest men in the world have more combined wealth than all 325 million women in Africa, according to an Oxfam report



Half the world’s population continue to live on less than $5.50-a-day. Figures show that 82 per cent of all wealth created last year went to the richest 1 per cent. They claim that 0 per cent went to the world’s poorest half



Women and girls are putting in 12.5 billion hours of unpaid care work every day, such as looking after children and the elderly, which amounts to a contribution to the global economy of at least $10.8 trillion a year – more than three times the size of the global tech industry. Women, especially those living in poverty, “do more than three-quarters of all unpaid care work. 42 per cent of women are outside the paid workforce because of unpaid care responsibilities compared to just six per cent of men.”





The 42 richest people in the world (estimated wealth in billions)



Bill Gates ($86), Warren Buffet ($75.6), Jeff Bezos ($72.8), Amancio Ortega ($71.3), Mark Zuckerberg ($56), Carlos Slim Helu ($54.5), Larry Ellison ($52.2), Charles Koch ($48.3), David Koch ($48.3), Michael Bloomberg ($47.5), Bernard Arnault ($41.5). Larry Page ($40.7), Sergey Brin ($39.8), Liliane Bettencourt ($39.5), S. Robson Walton ($34.1), Jim Walton ($34), Alice Walton ($33.8), Wang Jianlin ($31.3), Li Ka-shing ($31.2), Sheldon Adelson ($30.4), Steve Ballmer ($30), Jorge Paulo Lemann ($29.2), Jack Ma ($28.3), Beate Heister and Karl Albrechet Jr.($27.2), David Thomson ($27.2), Jacqueline Mars ($27), John Mars ($27), Phil Knight ($26.2), Maria France Fissolo ($25.2), George Soros ($25.2), Ma Huateng ($24.9), Lee Shau Kee ($24.4), Mukesh Ambani ($23.2), Masayoshi Son ($21.2), Kjeld Kirk Krstiansen ($21.1), Georg Schaeffler ($20.7), Joseph Safra ($20.5), Michael Dell ($20.4), Susanne Klatten ($20.4), Len Blavatnik ($20), Laurene Powell Jobs ($20), Paul Allen ($19.9)

https://inews.co.uk/news/business/oxfam-richest-people-inequality-gap-514545https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/worlds-22-richest-men-more-wealth-325-million-women-africa-1369761





Climate Refugees

Although non-binding on countries, the United Nations now recognise the category of climate refugee. A UN panel which stated that climate refugees seeking asylum cannot legally be sent back to their home countries if they face life-threatening conditions due to the climate crisis.



“Without robust national and international efforts, the effects of climate change in receiving states may expose individuals to a violation of their rights,” ruled the U.N. Human Rights Committee, “thereby triggering the non-refoulement obligations of sending states.”



The committee handed down its ruling earlier this month in a case brought by Ioane Teitiota, a man who applied for asylum in New Zealand in 2013 after sea level rise and other conditions in his home country of Kiribati forced him and his family to leave. Kiribati is expected to be uninhabitable in the coming decades—as soon as 10 to 15 years from now, according to Teitiota’s case—as rising sea levels leads to overcrowding on the Pacific nation’s islands. Teitiota took his case to the committee in 2016 after being deported back to Kiribati by New Zealand’s government the previous year. He argued that the lack of fresh water and difficulty growing crops in Kiribati has caused health problems for him and his family, as well as land disputes.



The committee ultimately rejected Teitiota’s case this month, saying in its ruling that since he argued that Kiribati is expected to be uninhabitable in 10 to 15 years, the country and the international community have time to move the population to safety or to make the islands safe.


Amnesty International praised the decision as “good news” and said in a statement

that it could help prompt the international community to take concrete action. 



Amnesty International said, the ruling held promise for the 143 million people who are expected to become climate refugees by 2050—many of whom reside in Pacific Island nations.



“The decision sets a global precedent,” said Kate Schuetze, Pacific researcher at Amnesty International, in a statement. “It says a state will be in breach of its human rights obligations if it returns someone to a country where—due to the climate crisis—their life is at risk, or in danger of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. The message in this case is clear: Pacific Island states don’t need to be underwater before triggering those human rights obligations,” Schuetze told The Guardian. “I think we will see those cases start to emerge.”



Prof. Jane McAdam of the Kaldor Center for International Refugee Law at the University of New South Wales agreed with Amnesty’s assessment, saying that while the ruling was not in Teitiota’s favor, “the committee recognized that without robust action on climate at some point in the future it could well be that governments will, under international human rights law, be prohibited from sending people to places where their life is at risk or where they would face inhuman or degrading treatment.”

“Even though in this particular case there was no violation found, it effectively put governments on notice,” she told The Guardian.



https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/20/climate-refugees-cant-be-returned-home-says-landmark-un-human-rights-ruling