It appears that a second assassination attempt has been made on the life of American ex-president Donald Trump. Trump is the Republican Party’s nominee for the November election to install a new president.

From 1861 until 1961 four sitting American presidents have been assassinated. There have been attempts made to kill other presidents and presidential candidates. Robert F Kennedy, brother of assassinated president John F Kennedy was killed in 1968 when campaigning to become president.

Wikipedia provides a long list of leaders throughout world history who have suffered this fate. As the article below demonstrates, the supposed ‘benefits’ of these acts seldom achieve what they set out to accomplish.

The below is from the Socialist Standard February 2017.

‘The recent assassination of the Russian ambassador to Turkey reminds us that this particular form of political violence is still very much in use. Both states and those without states (‘terrorists’ or ‘freedom fighters’) believe this tactic still to be useful in furthering their political agendas. Perhaps a brief historical perspective on the phenomenon could help us decide whether they are correct in their continuing belief of its efficacy.

We begin with what is still, probably, the most infamous example of this form of homicide in western Europe’s history – the assassination of Julius Caesar. Fearful of losing their power as a class in Rome a gang of patricians including Brutus and Cassius decided to end the meteoric political career of Julius Caesar. Under the banner of ‘saving the republic’ from a tyrant they stabbed him to death en-masse on the senate floor. Subsequently they were hunted down by Caesar’s hatchet man Mark Anthony who himself was obliged to commit suicide by Caesar’s nephew, later his adopted son, Augustus. Rome was then in the power of such successive madmen as Tiberius, Caligula and Nero. This particular assassination, then, was an unmitigated failure and Rome became a totalitarian state dominated for centuries by megalomaniacs. Could they have been successful? Historically Rome followed many other cultures in evolving from some form of a republic into a monarchy and it would appear that they were defying economic and political necessity which, in the end, defines historical progression. Ironically, because of the assassination and the subsequent power achieved by his descendants, Caesar’s name was taken by the all of the rulers of Rome, and in its form of Czar and Kaiser together with the medieval title of ‘Holy Roman Emperor’ has been used ever since to designate political absolutism.

The term ‘assassin’ originated in Persia and later Syria and was used as a pejorative to describe a murderous Ismaili sect active in the middle ages. During the crusades the Franks encountered them and brought back the term to describe the similar internecine phenomenon in the West. The word may well have been used to describe our next victim of political murder in 1170 –Thomas Becket. Henry II of England had expected his friend to be an ally in the struggle for power with Rome when he made Becket archbishop of Canterbury. However this was not to be as Becket defended the autonomy of the church fiercely against his king’s political machinations. Upon hearing one of Henry’s most ferocious condemnations of his old friend four of his knights took it upon themselves to murder the ‘troublesome priest’. Henry maintained that he was shocked by the killing and did penance as did Beckett’s assassins who, ironically, ended up as crusaders attempting to find redemption for their sins. Thomas Becket was pronounced a martyr and canonised only two years after his death – giving valuable propaganda to the Pope and thus strengthening his power in England; yet another example of the failure of assassination to achieve the desired political aims.

It would appear that John Wilkes Booth’s assassination of American president Abraham Lincoln was motivated primarily by revenge. As a supporter of the Confederacy he was outraged by Lincoln’s support of voting rights for blacks and swore vengeance. Although the fifteenth amendment of 1870 did guarantee these rights it was repealed in 1894, something that would have delighted Booth. To the shame of the USA black people had to wait until 1965 before they again had the legal right to a vote in every State in the Union. Booth’s act, then, had no impact on the course of US history. Karl Marx, on behalf of the First International, had sent Lincoln a letter of congratulation on his re-election just before the assassination and was sincerely saddened by his death. No doubt this event featured in his fierce debate with Michael Bakunin and the anarchist element within the International who supported assassination as a valid political strategy. Marx won the debate but lost the International which split along an Anarchist/Socialist fault line. Since that time no socialist has seriously believed that assassination can change anything politically but it has remained something of an anarchist fantasy.

No historical assessment of assassination would be complete without a mention of the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in 1914. The decaying Austrian empire took advantage of this event to rattle its rusty sabre one last time. In doing so it provided the catalyst that sparked the First World War in which all of the European powers vied for supremacy. Princip was motivated by his knowledge that the Austrians sought to prevent the pan Slavic nation that he so desired and as part of the ‘Black Hand’ group he conspired to assassinate the Archduke. It could be argued that this event did contribute to the creation of Yugoslavia after the war in 1918. However the religious and cultural tensions within the peoples of that region led to its dissolution in 1991. A look at the ebb and flow of national borders in Europe during the twentieth century makes it obvious that nation states composed of federations of different ethnic and religious communities are often unstable and exist only courtesy of the strength or otherwise of the political illusions used to manipulate the populations by ruling classes. Princip’s anachronistic politics, and those who shared them, ensured the eventual doom of his dream.

In my own lifetime it was the assassination of President Kennedy that caused the most outrage. I remember, as a child, the sense of shock in my parents as they watched the drama unfold on TV. Without commenting on the numerous conspiracy theories that surround this event, it does seem possible it was more than the just act of one isolated ‘lone gunman’ in the shape of Lee Harvey Oswald. We will never be entirely sure of his motives as he was himself murdered soon after the killing of the President; it may have been revenge for the aborted invasion of Cuba or merely an act on behalf of what he saw as an ideological struggle between the USSR and the USA. We do know that it made no difference to the momentum of US militarism and imperialism across the globe.

We also know that none of the above acts of violence made any significant difference to the course of history; and that they will continue to be politically irrelevant. Only the ideologically naïve believe that individuals hold immense power and that to annihilate these people would change anything in the lives of the majority. In contrast if we can convince the majority of the illusion of this belief, in both the legitimacy of attempting to allocate power to single individuals and the possibility that they can wield it successfully, then we can assassinate one of the causes of political murder.’

Wez.

https://socialiststandardmyspace.blogspot.com/2017/02/a-history-of-assassination-2017.html

‘In this life, one thing counts

In the bank, large amounts

I’m afraid these don’t grow on trees

You’ve got to pick a pocket or two

You’ve got to pick a pocket or two, boys! ‘

Lionel Bart Oliver

It is said that there is no honour amongst thieves. Neither is there any amongst capitalists. Exploiting each other, makes a change from exploiting the workers. But until capitalism is abolished they, and their class, will continue to derive their wealth from screwing over the working class.

‘Brazilian toys and electronics mogul Leo Kryss is suing the real estate agent who he claims persuaded him to knock $6 million off the asking price of his mansion without telling him the buyer was Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos.

Kryss claims he would not have agreed to the discount and would have extracted more than the $79 million that he sold the property for had he known the world’s second-wealthiest person was behind the bid.

Bezos is currently worth over $200 billion, trailing only Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. Bezos bought the 19,000-square-foot mansion on Miami’s Indian Creek island, dubbed the “billionaires’ bunker” for being home to numerous billionaires and celebrities, in October. The house, which boasts a wine cellar, library and theater, was initially listed for $85 million.

Kryss is now taking US real estate company Douglas Elliman, which handled both sides of the sale, to court for allegedly concealing the Amazon founder’s identity.

Kryss claimed that Bezos had bought the adjacent property for $68 million in June of the same year, so he suspected that the billionaire was behind the bid on his house and inquired if he indeed was the prospective buyer, according to court filings. Douglas Elliman claimed to have had no such knowledge, according to legal documents. Kryss, who put down $28 million to buy the place back in 2014, agreed to sell the property for $6 million below the asking price.

Only later did he find out that he had sold the property to an entity linked to Bezos. Knowing who the real buyer was would have been “highly material to [Kryss’] negotiations and his decision on the ultimate sales price,” the legal filing states.

His lawyer also claimed the realtor “knew or should have known who the ultimate beneficial purchaser was and misrepresented that very important fact to our client.”

Indian Creek island has 41 addresses, with residents including former US President Donald Trump’s daughter Ivanka Trump, NFL legend Tom Brady, and model Adriana Lima.

In April, Bezos brought his total investment in the area up to $237 million with a $90 million purchase of a third mansion on the Island.’

An Unquenchable Blaze

Imagine waking at night, surrounded by flames, the air scalding your lungs. Grenfell Tower’s residents experienced this horror on June 14, 2017, when the 24-story block was engulfed in fire, causing 72 deaths. The fire began with a malfunctioning fridge-freezer but spread due to the building’s combustible cladding, revealing systemic safety failures in UK construction and government oversight.

Construction Failings and Cladding

Originally, fireproof cladding was planned for Grenfell’s refurbishment. However, the material was downgraded to save money. Emails revealed that the cheaper, less safe cladding was chosen despite warnings. The decision, which saved £293,368, directly led to the rapid spread of fire. The cladding served more for aesthetic purposes, making the building blend in with the affluent neighbourhood of Kensington rather than improving its safety. One inquiry expert aptly described it as “a time bomb waiting to go off.”

People’s Disenfranchisement

The Kensington and Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation (KCTMO), responsible for managing Grenfell, repeatedly ignored safety concerns raised by residents. Residents had formed grassroots resistance against the faceless body managing their lives, but their warnings fell on deaf ears. The KCTMO, motivated by cost-cutting and profits, neglected the safety of Grenfell’s predominantly working-class residents.

Systemic Inequality and Class Divide

Grenfell Tower, located in one of London’s wealthiest boroughs, was an eyesore to its rich neighbours. While properties in the area were worth millions, Grenfell’s residents, many of whom were working-class and from immigrant backgrounds, lived in unsafe conditions. The fire has since become a powerful symbol of the deep inequalities that plague London and the UK more broadly. Survivors testified that the fire would likely not have occurred in a building housing wealthier residents, where safety standards would have been higher.

Edward Daffarn, a Grenfell resident and campaigner, stated: “We were treated as second-class citizens because of our postcode and because we were poor.” Housing in the UK is increasingly seen as a commodity rather than as satisfying a basic human need, and Grenfell epitomises the dangers of such a system. Social housing has been underfunded and neglected for decades, often outsourced to private contractors whose primary concern is profit, not safety.

Government Oversight and Accountability

The government’s role in the tragedy cannot be overlooked. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 weakened fire safety regulations in an effort to reduce “red tape.” Responsibility for fire risk assessments was transferred to building owners and landlords, relying on private contractors under constant pressure to cut costs.

Eric Pickles, the former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2010 to 2015, played a key role in these deregulations. During his tenure, fire safety recommendations following the 2009 Lakanal House fire were largely ignored. More recently, Pickles faced backlash for his dismissive comments during the Grenfell inquiry, further highlighting the indifference toward the victims.

Corporate Negligence

The companies involved in Grenfell’s refurbishment, including Arconic, Celotex, and Rydon, prioritized profit over people’s lives. Arconic continued to supply flammable cladding despite being aware of its fire risks, as internal documents revealed. The inquiry also exposed how contractors like Rydon made decisions based on cost, often sidelining fire safety. One Rydon project manager testified that he knew about the fire risks but felt it wasn’t his role to question the overall design.

Survivor and Campaigner Testimonies

Survivors and bereaved families, represented by groups like Grenfell United, have consistently criticised the lack of accountability from authorities. They argue that Grenfell happened because the people in power saw the residents as expenses, not individuals. As survivor Edward Daffarn stated during the inquiry: “No one has been held to account for what happened at Grenfell. We don’t just want words; we want to see real change.”

Grenfell Action Group (GAG) was instrumental in raising concerns before the fire, repeatedly warning that a disaster was inevitable. Their warnings, however, were ignored. In a blog post written months before the fire, GAG chillingly predicted, “only a catastrophic event will expose the ineptitude and incompetence of our landlord.”

The Inquiry and Its Findings

The public inquiry, chaired by Sir Martin Moore-Bick, was divided into two phases. Phase one, released in 2019, focused on how the fire started and the response from emergency services. Firefighter Michael Dowden admitted in his testimony that, with hindsight, he would have done things differently.

Phase two, published on 4 September, is investigated the broader circumstances, including the decisions made during Grenfell’s refurbishment. Testimonies have revealed that fire safety was often sidelined in favour of aesthetics and cost efficiency. Architects and contractors ignored basic safety practices, contributing to the disaster. As lawyer for the survivors Stephanie Barwise KC noted, there were repeated opportunities to prevent the fire, but none were taken.

The inquiry has also shone a light on the inequality and indifference shown towards social housing tenants and marginalised communities. Survivors and campaigners continue to push for accountability and systemic reform. However, as of 2024, many feel that this remains elusive.

Housing as a Commodity

A major critique emerging from the Grenfell tragedy is how neoliberal capitalism treats housing as a commodity rather than a basic human right. Under this system, housing policy has shifted towards privatization, with little regard for the safety of those living in social housing. Dr. Lee Elliot Major, a social mobility expert, noted: “Grenfell exemplifies how housing policy in the UK, driven by neoliberal economics, has led to a profit-driven culture where the most vulnerable are treated as afterthoughts.”

The Role of Capitalism

The decisions leading to the Grenfell disaster are a reflection of capitalism’s systemic failures. The drive for profit at all costs, the deregulation of safety standards, and the neglect of social housing tenants are all inherent features of this economic system. As a result, the lives of working-class people are deemed expendable in the pursuit of wealth.

In 2017 David Lammy (now the Foreign Secretary), summed up the situation: “This is what happens when you deregulate and allow market forces to dictate safety in housing. Profit comes first, people come second.”

Grenfell is not just a story of corporate and governmental negligence; it is a symbol of deep-seated inequality. The fire exposed the glaring class divides in London, where working-class residents of social housing are treated as expendable. Survivors and campaigners remain determined to hold those responsible accountable and to ensure that no other community suffers the same fate.

‘Justice for Grenfell’ is not merely about criminal charges or compensation—it is about systemic change, ending capitalism with its class inequality and profit priority.

An Unquenchable Blaze

Imagine waking at night, surrounded by flames, the air scalding your lungs. Grenfell Tower’s residents experienced this horror on June 14, 2017, when the 24-story block was engulfed in fire, causing 72 deaths. The fire began with a malfunctioning fridge-freezer but spread due to the building’s combustible cladding, revealing systemic safety failures in UK construction and government oversight.

Construction Failings and Cladding

Originally, fireproof cladding was planned for Grenfell’s refurbishment. However, the material was downgraded to save money. Emails revealed that the cheaper, less safe cladding was chosen despite warnings. The decision, which saved £293,368, directly led to the rapid spread of fire. The cladding served more for aesthetic purposes, making the building blend in with the affluent neighbourhood of Kensington rather than improving its safety. One inquiry expert aptly described it as “a time bomb waiting to go off.”

People’s Disenfranchisement

The Kensington and Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation (KCTMO), responsible for managing Grenfell, repeatedly ignored safety concerns raised by residents. Residents had formed grassroots resistance against the faceless body managing their lives, but their warnings fell on deaf ears. The KCTMO, motivated by cost-cutting and profits, neglected the safety of Grenfell’s predominantly working-class residents.

Systemic Inequality and Class Divide

Grenfell Tower, located in one of London’s wealthiest boroughs, was an eyesore to its rich neighbours. While properties in the area were worth millions, Grenfell’s residents, many of whom were working-class and from immigrant backgrounds, lived in unsafe conditions. The fire has since become a powerful symbol of the deep inequalities that plague London and the UK more broadly. Survivors testified that the fire would likely not have occurred in a building housing wealthier residents, where safety standards would have been higher.

Edward Daffarn, a Grenfell resident and campaigner, stated: “We were treated as second-class citizens because of our postcode and because we were poor.” Housing in the UK is increasingly seen as a commodity rather than as satisfying a basic human need, and Grenfell epitomises the dangers of such a system. Social housing has been underfunded and neglected for decades, often outsourced to private contractors whose primary concern is profit, not safety.

Government Oversight and Accountability

The government’s role in the tragedy cannot be overlooked. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 weakened fire safety regulations in an effort to reduce “red tape.” Responsibility for fire risk assessments was transferred to building owners and landlords, relying on private contractors under constant pressure to cut costs.

Eric Pickles, the former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2010 to 2015, played a key role in these deregulations. During his tenure, fire safety recommendations following the 2009 Lakanal House fire were largely ignored. More recently, Pickles faced backlash for his dismissive comments during the Grenfell inquiry, further highlighting the indifference toward the victims.

Corporate Negligence

The companies involved in Grenfell’s refurbishment, including Arconic, Celotex, and Rydon, prioritized profit over people’s lives. Arconic continued to supply flammable cladding despite being aware of its fire risks, as internal documents revealed. The inquiry also exposed how contractors like Rydon made decisions based on cost, often sidelining fire safety. One Rydon project manager testified that he knew about the fire risks but felt it wasn’t his role to question the overall design.

Survivor and Campaigner Testimonies

Survivors and bereaved families, represented by groups like Grenfell United, have consistently criticised the lack of accountability from authorities. They argue that Grenfell happened because the people in power saw the residents as expenses, not individuals. As survivor Edward Daffarn stated during the inquiry: “No one has been held to account for what happened at Grenfell. We don’t just want words; we want to see real change.”

Grenfell Action Group (GAG) was instrumental in raising concerns before the fire, repeatedly warning that a disaster was inevitable. Their warnings, however, were ignored. In a blog post written months before the fire, GAG chillingly predicted, “only a catastrophic event will expose the ineptitude and incompetence of our landlord.”

The Inquiry and Its Findings

The public inquiry, chaired by Sir Martin Moore-Bick, was divided into two phases. Phase one, released in 2019, focused on how the fire started and the response from emergency services. Firefighter Michael Dowden admitted in his testimony that, with hindsight, he would have done things differently.

Phase two, published on 4 September, is investigated the broader circumstances, including the decisions made during Grenfell’s refurbishment. Testimonies have revealed that fire safety was often sidelined in favour of aesthetics and cost efficiency. Architects and contractors ignored basic safety practices, contributing to the disaster. As lawyer for the survivors Stephanie Barwise KC noted, there were repeated opportunities to prevent the fire, but none were taken.

The inquiry has also shone a light on the inequality and indifference shown towards social housing tenants and marginalised communities. Survivors and campaigners continue to push for accountability and systemic reform. However, as of 2024, many feel that this remains elusive.

Housing as a Commodity

A major critique emerging from the Grenfell tragedy is how neoliberal capitalism treats housing as a commodity rather than a basic human right. Under this system, housing policy has shifted towards privatization, with little regard for the safety of those living in social housing. Dr. Lee Elliot Major, a social mobility expert, noted: “Grenfell exemplifies how housing policy in the UK, driven by neoliberal economics, has led to a profit-driven culture where the most vulnerable are treated as afterthoughts.”

The Role of Capitalism

The decisions leading to the Grenfell disaster are a reflection of capitalism’s systemic failures. The drive for profit at all costs, the deregulation of safety standards, and the neglect of social housing tenants are all inherent features of this economic system. As a result, the lives of working-class people are deemed expendable in the pursuit of wealth.

In 2017 David Lammy (now the Foreign Secretary), summed up the situation: “This is what happens when you deregulate and allow market forces to dictate safety in housing. Profit comes first, people come second.”

Grenfell is not just a story of corporate and governmental negligence; it is a symbol of deep-seated inequality. The fire exposed the glaring class divides in London, where working-class residents of social housing are treated as expendable. Survivors and campaigners remain determined to hold those responsible accountable and to ensure that no other community suffers the same fate.

‘Justice for Grenfell’ is not merely about criminal charges or compensation—it is about systemic change, ending capitalism with its class inequality and profit priority.

An Unquenchable Blaze

Imagine waking at night, surrounded by flames, the air scalding your lungs. Grenfell Tower’s residents experienced this horror on June 14, 2017, when the 24-story block was engulfed in fire, causing 72 deaths. The fire began with a malfunctioning fridge-freezer but spread due to the building’s combustible cladding, revealing systemic safety failures in UK construction and government oversight.

Construction Failings and Cladding

Originally, fireproof cladding was planned for Grenfell’s refurbishment. However, the material was downgraded to save money. Emails revealed that the cheaper, less safe cladding was chosen despite warnings. The decision, which saved £293,368, directly led to the rapid spread of fire. The cladding served more for aesthetic purposes, making the building blend in with the affluent neighbourhood of Kensington rather than improving its safety. One inquiry expert aptly described it as “a time bomb waiting to go off.”

People’s Disenfranchisement

The Kensington and Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation (KCTMO), responsible for managing Grenfell, repeatedly ignored safety concerns raised by residents. Residents had formed grassroots resistance against the faceless body managing their lives, but their warnings fell on deaf ears. The KCTMO, motivated by cost-cutting and profits, neglected the safety of Grenfell’s predominantly working-class residents.

Systemic Inequality and Class Divide

Grenfell Tower, located in one of London’s wealthiest boroughs, was an eyesore to its rich neighbours. While properties in the area were worth millions, Grenfell’s residents, many of whom were working-class and from immigrant backgrounds, lived in unsafe conditions. The fire has since become a powerful symbol of the deep inequalities that plague London and the UK more broadly. Survivors testified that the fire would likely not have occurred in a building housing wealthier residents, where safety standards would have been higher.

Edward Daffarn, a Grenfell resident and campaigner, stated: “We were treated as second-class citizens because of our postcode and because we were poor.” Housing in the UK is increasingly seen as a commodity rather than as satisfying a basic human need, and Grenfell epitomises the dangers of such a system. Social housing has been underfunded and neglected for decades, often outsourced to private contractors whose primary concern is profit, not safety.

Government Oversight and Accountability

The government’s role in the tragedy cannot be overlooked. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 weakened fire safety regulations in an effort to reduce “red tape.” Responsibility for fire risk assessments was transferred to building owners and landlords, relying on private contractors under constant pressure to cut costs.

Eric Pickles, the former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2010 to 2015, played a key role in these deregulations. During his tenure, fire safety recommendations following the 2009 Lakanal House fire were largely ignored. More recently, Pickles faced backlash for his dismissive comments during the Grenfell inquiry, further highlighting the indifference toward the victims.

Corporate Negligence

The companies involved in Grenfell’s refurbishment, including Arconic, Celotex, and Rydon, prioritized profit over people’s lives. Arconic continued to supply flammable cladding despite being aware of its fire risks, as internal documents revealed. The inquiry also exposed how contractors like Rydon made decisions based on cost, often sidelining fire safety. One Rydon project manager testified that he knew about the fire risks but felt it wasn’t his role to question the overall design.

Survivor and Campaigner Testimonies

Survivors and bereaved families, represented by groups like Grenfell United, have consistently criticised the lack of accountability from authorities. They argue that Grenfell happened because the people in power saw the residents as expenses, not individuals. As survivor Edward Daffarn stated during the inquiry: “No one has been held to account for what happened at Grenfell. We don’t just want words; we want to see real change.”

Grenfell Action Group (GAG) was instrumental in raising concerns before the fire, repeatedly warning that a disaster was inevitable. Their warnings, however, were ignored. In a blog post written months before the fire, GAG chillingly predicted, “only a catastrophic event will expose the ineptitude and incompetence of our landlord.”

The Inquiry and Its Findings

The public inquiry, chaired by Sir Martin Moore-Bick, was divided into two phases. Phase one, released in 2019, focused on how the fire started and the response from emergency services. Firefighter Michael Dowden admitted in his testimony that, with hindsight, he would have done things differently.

Phase two, published on 4 September, is investigated the broader circumstances, including the decisions made during Grenfell’s refurbishment. Testimonies have revealed that fire safety was often sidelined in favour of aesthetics and cost efficiency. Architects and contractors ignored basic safety practices, contributing to the disaster. As lawyer for the survivors Stephanie Barwise KC noted, there were repeated opportunities to prevent the fire, but none were taken.

The inquiry has also shone a light on the inequality and indifference shown towards social housing tenants and marginalised communities. Survivors and campaigners continue to push for accountability and systemic reform. However, as of 2024, many feel that this remains elusive.

Housing as a Commodity

A major critique emerging from the Grenfell tragedy is how neoliberal capitalism treats housing as a commodity rather than a basic human right. Under this system, housing policy has shifted towards privatization, with little regard for the safety of those living in social housing. Dr. Lee Elliot Major, a social mobility expert, noted: “Grenfell exemplifies how housing policy in the UK, driven by neoliberal economics, has led to a profit-driven culture where the most vulnerable are treated as afterthoughts.”

The Role of Capitalism

The decisions leading to the Grenfell disaster are a reflection of capitalism’s systemic failures. The drive for profit at all costs, the deregulation of safety standards, and the neglect of social housing tenants are all inherent features of this economic system. As a result, the lives of working-class people are deemed expendable in the pursuit of wealth.

In 2017 David Lammy (now the Foreign Secretary), summed up the situation: “This is what happens when you deregulate and allow market forces to dictate safety in housing. Profit comes first, people come second.”

Grenfell is not just a story of corporate and governmental negligence; it is a symbol of deep-seated inequality. The fire exposed the glaring class divides in London, where working-class residents of social housing are treated as expendable. Survivors and campaigners remain determined to hold those responsible accountable and to ensure that no other community suffers the same fate.

‘Justice for Grenfell’ is not merely about criminal charges or compensation—it is about systemic change, ending capitalism with its class inequality and profit priority.

An Unquenchable Blaze

Imagine waking at night, surrounded by flames, the air scalding your lungs. Grenfell Tower’s residents experienced this horror on June 14, 2017, when the 24-story block was engulfed in fire, causing 72 deaths. The fire began with a malfunctioning fridge-freezer but spread due to the building’s combustible cladding, revealing systemic safety failures in UK construction and government oversight.

Construction Failings and Cladding

Originally, fireproof cladding was planned for Grenfell’s refurbishment. However, the material was downgraded to save money. Emails revealed that the cheaper, less safe cladding was chosen despite warnings. The decision, which saved £293,368, directly led to the rapid spread of fire. The cladding served more for aesthetic purposes, making the building blend in with the affluent neighbourhood of Kensington rather than improving its safety. One inquiry expert aptly described it as “a time bomb waiting to go off.”

People’s Disenfranchisement

The Kensington and Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation (KCTMO), responsible for managing Grenfell, repeatedly ignored safety concerns raised by residents. Residents had formed grassroots resistance against the faceless body managing their lives, but their warnings fell on deaf ears. The KCTMO, motivated by cost-cutting and profits, neglected the safety of Grenfell’s predominantly working-class residents.

Systemic Inequality and Class Divide

Grenfell Tower, located in one of London’s wealthiest boroughs, was an eyesore to its rich neighbours. While properties in the area were worth millions, Grenfell’s residents, many of whom were working-class and from immigrant backgrounds, lived in unsafe conditions. The fire has since become a powerful symbol of the deep inequalities that plague London and the UK more broadly. Survivors testified that the fire would likely not have occurred in a building housing wealthier residents, where safety standards would have been higher.

Edward Daffarn, a Grenfell resident and campaigner, stated: “We were treated as second-class citizens because of our postcode and because we were poor.” Housing in the UK is increasingly seen as a commodity rather than as satisfying a basic human need, and Grenfell epitomises the dangers of such a system. Social housing has been underfunded and neglected for decades, often outsourced to private contractors whose primary concern is profit, not safety.

Government Oversight and Accountability

The government’s role in the tragedy cannot be overlooked. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 weakened fire safety regulations in an effort to reduce “red tape.” Responsibility for fire risk assessments was transferred to building owners and landlords, relying on private contractors under constant pressure to cut costs.

Eric Pickles, the former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2010 to 2015, played a key role in these deregulations. During his tenure, fire safety recommendations following the 2009 Lakanal House fire were largely ignored. More recently, Pickles faced backlash for his dismissive comments during the Grenfell inquiry, further highlighting the indifference toward the victims.

Corporate Negligence

The companies involved in Grenfell’s refurbishment, including Arconic, Celotex, and Rydon, prioritized profit over people’s lives. Arconic continued to supply flammable cladding despite being aware of its fire risks, as internal documents revealed. The inquiry also exposed how contractors like Rydon made decisions based on cost, often sidelining fire safety. One Rydon project manager testified that he knew about the fire risks but felt it wasn’t his role to question the overall design.

Survivor and Campaigner Testimonies

Survivors and bereaved families, represented by groups like Grenfell United, have consistently criticised the lack of accountability from authorities. They argue that Grenfell happened because the people in power saw the residents as expenses, not individuals. As survivor Edward Daffarn stated during the inquiry: “No one has been held to account for what happened at Grenfell. We don’t just want words; we want to see real change.”

Grenfell Action Group (GAG) was instrumental in raising concerns before the fire, repeatedly warning that a disaster was inevitable. Their warnings, however, were ignored. In a blog post written months before the fire, GAG chillingly predicted, “only a catastrophic event will expose the ineptitude and incompetence of our landlord.”

The Inquiry and Its Findings

The public inquiry, chaired by Sir Martin Moore-Bick, was divided into two phases. Phase one, released in 2019, focused on how the fire started and the response from emergency services. Firefighter Michael Dowden admitted in his testimony that, with hindsight, he would have done things differently.

Phase two, published on 4 September, is investigated the broader circumstances, including the decisions made during Grenfell’s refurbishment. Testimonies have revealed that fire safety was often sidelined in favour of aesthetics and cost efficiency. Architects and contractors ignored basic safety practices, contributing to the disaster. As lawyer for the survivors Stephanie Barwise KC noted, there were repeated opportunities to prevent the fire, but none were taken.

The inquiry has also shone a light on the inequality and indifference shown towards social housing tenants and marginalised communities. Survivors and campaigners continue to push for accountability and systemic reform. However, as of 2024, many feel that this remains elusive.

Housing as a Commodity

A major critique emerging from the Grenfell tragedy is how neoliberal capitalism treats housing as a commodity rather than a basic human right. Under this system, housing policy has shifted towards privatization, with little regard for the safety of those living in social housing. Dr. Lee Elliot Major, a social mobility expert, noted: “Grenfell exemplifies how housing policy in the UK, driven by neoliberal economics, has led to a profit-driven culture where the most vulnerable are treated as afterthoughts.”

The Role of Capitalism

The decisions leading to the Grenfell disaster are a reflection of capitalism’s systemic failures. The drive for profit at all costs, the deregulation of safety standards, and the neglect of social housing tenants are all inherent features of this economic system. As a result, the lives of working-class people are deemed expendable in the pursuit of wealth.

In 2017 David Lammy (now the Foreign Secretary), summed up the situation: “This is what happens when you deregulate and allow market forces to dictate safety in housing. Profit comes first, people come second.”

Grenfell is not just a story of corporate and governmental negligence; it is a symbol of deep-seated inequality. The fire exposed the glaring class divides in London, where working-class residents of social housing are treated as expendable. Survivors and campaigners remain determined to hold those responsible accountable and to ensure that no other community suffers the same fate.

‘Justice for Grenfell’ is not merely about criminal charges or compensation—it is about systemic change, ending capitalism with its class inequality and profit priority.

The Guardian has a piece on a survey which says that ‘Britons struggle to name common fish, while two-fifths admit that they have “only ever eaten it in batter or breadcrumbs”.’ 

‘Over half of those surveyed had no idea that a John Dory was a spiny fish; 12% mistakenly thought “he” was a famous poet, according to the Marine Stewardship Council poll.

‘Another 6% said the only pollock they had heard of was the American artist Jackson Pollock. A similar number thought that a hake was a garden tool.’

Would Jackson pollock fans have been delighted that as many as six per cent recognised who he was? A hake might easily be a dialect word for a rake so is excusable.

‘It confirmed that 60% had never tried John Dory, which is a common sea fish…’ To show how surveys should always be taken with a pinch of salt, and lots of vinegar if eating fish and chips, this writer read ‘John Dory’ as ‘Richard Cory’, a Simon and Garfunkel song about an American capitalist.

The poll came from the Marine Stewardship Council, who say that in September they are, ‘encouraging people to try something different”, particularly sustainable varieties of fish and seafood caught by fishing communities around the UK.’ So a marketing exercise then.

So how many, or how few, would respond to a survey asking what was the cause of many of the life problems they were experiencing on a day to day basis? Would ‘capitalism’ top the list? Knowledge is power. The MSC is encouraging people to learn more about fish.

https://www.theguardian.com/food/2024/sep/13/garden-hake-poet-john-dory-ignorance-fish-is-off-the-scale

The below is from the Socialist Standard March 1942

Conchies equals Conscientious Objectors

‘The Sunday Pictorial publishes letters from its readers under the title of “Voice of the People.” On Sunday, January 25th, a hater of conchies urged that they should all be made to catch fish with pay at 1s. a day. Alternatively, they should be issued with conspicuously marked ration books which only allowed them foods which men have NOT risked their lives to get.

[This is similar to Covid when people who said they would inject themselves with unknown substances were threatened with all sorts of additional freedom restrictions.]

So conchies should catch fish for one shilling a day! Speaking of fish, we remember a time when particularly large catches of fish were thrown back into the sea. This happened, of course, in the piping days of peace and prosperity. They were discarded, because certain interested capitalists feared that so large an abundance might interfere with their rate of profit. Many workers, particularly the free unemployed, would have enjoyed some of this “surplus” fish.

May we be permitted to suggest that it would be quite a good idea to make the individuals responsible do a spot of fishing themselves. Possibly, after several months at sea, they would consider the advisability of tipping unwanted catches into the briny.

But, of course, these people are not conscientious objectors. They are busy trying to fight, or urging others to fight, for freedom—the freedom to burn food, pour milk down the drains, use wheat as fuel, and, of course, thrown fish into the sea, as their profit-making activities require.

The view that conchies should not be allowed to eat food for which other men have risked their lives affords us some cynical amusement. Workers also risk their lives during the periods of capitalist peace. They suffer mutilation and death in the mines and factories. And the fruit of their labour is used to make easy and joyful the lives of the propertied few. Shall we issue these people with specially marked ration books? But ah, they are not conscientious objectors.’

Kaye

https://socialiststandardmyspace.blogspot.com/2015/06/fish-and-conchies-1942.html

 ‘The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. On that morning, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and aimed the next two flights toward targets in or near Washington, D.C., in an attack on the nation’s capital. The third team succeeded in striking the Pentagon, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense in Arlington County, Virginia, while the fourth plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania during a passenger revolt. The September 11 attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the multi-decade global war on terror to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and several other countries. ‘

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks

The below is from the Socialist Standard October 2001

‘Usama bin Laden’s photograph has been splashed across every newspaper front page in the world. He has replaced Saddam Hussein as the World’s No. 1 Mad Man. Already there is a $10 million price on his head. George W Bush has spoken of the old Wild West wanted posters and how bin Laden’s name is now on one. But who is bin Laden and how did he come to prominence?

Usama bin Laden is a billionaire Islamic fundamentalist, former US ally and protégé, who fronts a terrorist organisation whose fighters were trained and financed by the CIA during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. The US, in fact, were arming groups like the notorious Mujahedin a full six months before the Russian invasion of December 1979 and it is estimated that at the Russian withdrawal, US aid to them totalled $5 billion (this monetary support for some seven fundamentalist and extremist groups beginning after 1980 when Reagan quadrupled the CIA budget to £36 billion). Even after the Russian withdrawal, the US still supported the Mujahedin, though more covertly now and through Pakistan’s version of the CIA, the ISI. What they were—and still are—up to is perhaps best revealed in the words of Jimmy Carter’s adviser Zbigniev Brzezinski who described Afghanistan at the time as “the greatest chessboard”.

Most favoured status

The Islamic zealots the US are prepared to annihilate in Afghanistan were afforded most favoured status during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. Under the Carter administration and beginning in 1980, they were trained in their thousands at the CIA’s Camp Peary and at the ex-army base at Harvey Point in Carolina; by the Green Berets at Fort Bragg in North Carolina and indeed by the SAS in Scotland. They would go on to be trained at Fort A.P. Hill, just off the Washington-Richmond interstate highway, and at Camp Picket in Virginia by Green Berets and US Navy SEALS. This was not simply “basic” training. They were trained in over 60 deadly skills, including the use of sophisticated fuses, timers and explosives, remote control devices for land mines, incendiary devices and the use of automatic weapons with armour-piercing shells. Thus the US went about supporting a ten-year long Jihad in the hope of preventing Russian state capitalism expanding its empire in central Asia southwards towards the Indian Ocean.

Following the car bomb attack at the World Trade Centre eight years ago, four of those arrested and charged with the attack were found to be linked to bin Ladens’s al-Qaeda organisation and amongst those trained by the US (Robert Fox, New York’s regional FBI director revealed this in a TV interview in 1993). When the US attacked bin Laden’s bases near the village of Khost in Afghanistan (along with the Sudanese pharmaceutical factory) following attacks on US embassies in Africa, they could do so with pin point accuracy for the CIA had planned and designed them.

The US is now reaping the bitter harvest of its foreign policy which used Islamic fundamentalism as a puppet in its perennial game of globo-political profit-making. For years it courted some of the most dangerous, conservative and fanatical followers of Islam, but the capitalist globalisation process, which the US has pursued obsessively, has served to make political Islam more reactionary in defence of its own culture and strategic interests.

Covert terrorism

Whilst the world is outraged at the terrorist attacks on the USA mainland, it must be remembered that the US has been conducting and supporting just as deadly covert acts of terrorism around the globe for 50 years. For instance, the US and Britain supported Suharto’s military coup in Indonesia in 1966, which resulted in the deaths of 600,000 mainly ethnic Chinese supporters of the Indonesian “Communist” Party, the PKI. And it was the US who toppled (also on an 11 September) the elected Allende government in Chile which resulted in thousands of deaths and countless disappearances. When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 and massacred 17,500, this act of terror was supported by the US.

Since 1945 the US has toppled some 30 governments and supported every dictator imaginable (Pol Pot, Mobuto, Amin, Marcos, Papa Doc Duvalier and Saddam Hussein) whilst seriously interfering in the domestic affairs of almost 70 countries.

In recent years the US has devastated Iraq in continuous bombing raids – even for using radar to scan airspace from which its air force is excluded. During the 40-day Gulf War, US planes dropped 177 million pounds of explosives on Iraq – the greatest aerial bombardment in history. It has imposed sanctions on Iraq that have resulted in the deaths of perhaps two million people and bombed Iraq in defence of the Kurds from the same air bases Turkey has used to bomb Kurdish villages. In the wake of the Gulf War, the US mercilessly attacked a retreating Iraqi army on the Basra road and quite literally fried to death 60,000 ill-equipped, ill-trained soldiers, the vast majority never wanting any part in the conflict in the first place. Two weeks ago, the US and Britain again joined hands in a bombing raid on Iraq. It wasn’t even reported in most Western newspapers. And where is the three-minutes’ silence for the 500,000 Iraqi children who have died of hunger and disease as a result of US sanctions in the past 10 years – a figure which Madeleine Albright described recently as “a price worth paying”?

There was of course a time when the US couldn’t help Iraq enough. During the Iran-Iraq war, the US gave its full blessing to Iraqi atrocities, even supplying Iraq with the chemical weapons it used on the small town of Halabjah in 1988 with the loss of 5,000 innocent lives. Indeed, in 1987 when Iraq attacked the USS Stark, killing 37 servicemen, there was no US response as the White House was keen at the time that Iraq got the upper hand in its war with Iran so as weaken Iran’s threat to the West’s oil supplies.

The US has launched attacks upon Libya, Somalia and Grenada, propped up right wing tendencies in Panama, Chile, Brazil, Haiti, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Colombia. In Africa it supported the gangster Savimbi as he tried to make Angola more hellish for its impoverished millions, adopted a policy of “constructive engagement” with South Africa’s apartheid machine and was all to willing to shoulder up with South Africa in its war with the frontline states. In the Middle East it has propped up despotic regimes in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf whilst at the same time backing Israel. This year alone Israel is receiving $6 in free US aid, in direct contravention of Congress rulings. During the retaliatory raids following the attacks on the US embassies in Africa, the US fired 70 cruise missiles into Afghanistan and killed many thousands in Sudan (a true figure is not available because the US blocked the proposed UN inquiry). The US ruling class’s catalogue of shame is indeed a deep one and we can only begin to scratch at its surface

Appalling losses of life

Whilst the 11 September attack resulted in an appalling loss of innocent life which no sane person could condone, the wonder is that the US has escaped the attention of terrorists for so long. For the poignant truth is that there are millions who have been murdered defeated, demoralised, impoverished and crushed by the US ruling class and its allies and who could well have turned to the pathos of terrorism as a means of evening up the score. Who knows the number of US-created Frankensteins walking the world, prepared to destroy the life of their master? This is not to suggest the US “deserves” to be bombed, but hints at the number of enemies the US ruling class has created in pursuit of global domination, forever trying to carve out larger chunks of the world on behalf of its corporate elite.

If we set this terrorist attack in a wider context, however, the loss of life in New York and Washington, whilst horrendous, is by no means the worst there has been. For instance, we can’t realistically comprehend the horror of the dying days of World War Two when, in one night alone, 100,000 died in a 1000-bomber raid on Dresden. If we make a comparison to the present, is it not an atrocity that 40,000 children die of starvation each day? Is it not a most heinous crime when 1,000 children die each hour of preventable disease (these are UNICEF statistics) and do we not find sickening the thought that twice that number of women die or suffer disability during pregnancy because of a lack of simple remedies or medical attention? We are speaking here of a Hiroshima a day which never gets reported, which is taken as accepted because it is so much a part of our way of life in capitalist society. Where is the 25-page newspaper pull-out that accompanies the recent WHO revelation that more people died of starvation in the last two years than were killed in two world wars?

Whilst we gasp in disbelief at the deaths of 5,000 workers in the biggest terrorist attack in history, it is worth pausing and remembering that the US, Britain, France, China and Russia have between them thousands of nuclear weapons capable of destroying the planet a hundred times over. Any one of these war-heads is indeed capable of creating death and destruction on a scale that would make the attack in question look like a playground firecracker. Where are the protests at this arsenal of destruction?

This in no way diminishes the fact that there has been an enormous loss of life in the USA. Those lying dead beneath the rubble in New York are our fellow workers—make no mistake about it—members of the working class, murdered whilst they were being exploited. Whilst we are revolted, as socialists we certainly do not crave the comfort of revenge. We take a more considered view.

Civilisation?

Western leaders have claimed the attack to be an assault on civilisation. But what is this civilisation that has been attacked, where 600 million have no home, where 800 million are chronically malnourished, where 1 billion have no access to clean water? What is this civilisation where three individuals have more wealth than the combined income of the world’s 48 poorest nations? How can we defend a “civilisation” where food is destroyed to keep prices high and scientists employed on weapons programmes whilst children die of preventable disease?

Since the attacks on New York and Washington, The US and British media has become a history exclusion zone, feeding only the whipped-up contagion of patriotism, whilst flag-waving and the repetitious singing of anthems trigger, in Pavlovian fashion, a national epidemic of jingoism, the only cure for which is reprisals. The dominant view is that extremists the world over are intent on destroying democracy and western civilisation – a near sighted perspective which washes well with a news-hungry audience whose knowledge of US foreign policy and basic international affairs makes it impossible for them to separate reality from distortion.

US Vice President Dick Cheney has demanded bin Laden’s head on a platter whilst his liege, Bush, informs the world that the US will not only target terrorists but those who harbour terrorists. The popular vision now is of US F-16’s and stealth bombers leaving US bases in Diego Garcia, Incilirik and from the carriers of the 5th and 6th fleets in the Middle East, their mission to level the breeding ground of Islamic terrorism – Afghanistan and any other states suspected of wittingly giving them refuge.

For the belligerent Bush, a war-monger long before his ascendancy to the White House, the terrorist attacks on mainland USA must be a blessing in disguise, providing Republican hawks and their bellicose corporate backers with a prime pretext with which to reinforce US hegemonic credentials and perhaps forge ahead with a costly National Missile Defense System now that the reality has struck home that the USA, or rather its profit-mongers and military machine, are loathed around the world.

The attacks on the US will perhaps serve to show Republican hawks the futility of this proposal. These hijacked planes could well have flown into nuclear power stations or bases containing US stockpiles of biological weapons (the US is the world’s biggest stockpiler of such weapons). They may well have carried small nuclear devices. The most sophisticated missile defence system imaginable simply cannot be programmed to read the mind of a religious fanatic incensed with the notion that his death (and those of 10,000 infidels with him) is a passport to heaven.

Bush may well speak of the terrorism the US faces from Islamic fundamentalism, but what about the global threat from US fundamentalism? Since coming to power, Bush has helped scupper the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on emissions and all but wiped his presidential backside on the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. His attitude to treaties and conventions suggests he has already declared war on the planet and that US foreign policy will continue as before and with one aim – to ensure the 21st Century is another “American Century”.

Bush claims that this is the first war of the 21st Century but it is just one battle in a larger war that began in 1945 with the US determined to control the world’s resources, and there is more than ample evidence to prove this. More importantly, though, The entire episode serves to show the insanity of the system we live in, and the desperate need to wrest control of our planet away from the madmen before it is indeed too late. In the 20th century, some 220 million lost their lives in wars, in conflicts over trade routes, areas of influence, foreign markets, mineral wealth and the strategic points from which the same can be defended or in other words, in the name of profit.

The solution to the ongoing insanity, we insist, remains the same. There is one world and we exist as one people in need of each other and with the same basic needs. There is far more that unites us than can ever divide us along cultural, nationalistic or religious lines. Together we can create a civilisation worth living in, but before that happens we need the conscious Cupertino of ordinary people across the world, united in one common cause – to create a world in which each person has free access to the benefits of civilisation, a world without borders or frontiers, social classes or leaders and a world in which production is at last freed from the artificial constraints of profit and used for the good of humanity – socialism.’

https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2001/no-1167-october-2001/editorial-terrorism-versus-terrorism/

 ‘The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. On that morning, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and aimed the next two flights toward targets in or near Washington, D.C., in an attack on the nation’s capital. The third team succeeded in striking the Pentagon, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense in Arlington County, Virginia, while the fourth plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania during a passenger revolt. The September 11 attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the multi-decade global war on terror to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and several other countries. ‘

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks

The below is from the Socialist Standard October 2001

‘Usama bin Laden’s photograph has been splashed across every newspaper front page in the world. He has replaced Saddam Hussein as the World’s No. 1 Mad Man. Already there is a $10 million price on his head. George W Bush has spoken of the old Wild West wanted posters and how bin Laden’s name is now on one. But who is bin Laden and how did he come to prominence?

Usama bin Laden is a billionaire Islamic fundamentalist, former US ally and protégé, who fronts a terrorist organisation whose fighters were trained and financed by the CIA during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. The US, in fact, were arming groups like the notorious Mujahedin a full six months before the Russian invasion of December 1979 and it is estimated that at the Russian withdrawal, US aid to them totalled $5 billion (this monetary support for some seven fundamentalist and extremist groups beginning after 1980 when Reagan quadrupled the CIA budget to £36 billion). Even after the Russian withdrawal, the US still supported the Mujahedin, though more covertly now and through Pakistan’s version of the CIA, the ISI. What they were—and still are—up to is perhaps best revealed in the words of Jimmy Carter’s adviser Zbigniev Brzezinski who described Afghanistan at the time as “the greatest chessboard”.

Most favoured status

The Islamic zealots the US are prepared to annihilate in Afghanistan were afforded most favoured status during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. Under the Carter administration and beginning in 1980, they were trained in their thousands at the CIA’s Camp Peary and at the ex-army base at Harvey Point in Carolina; by the Green Berets at Fort Bragg in North Carolina and indeed by the SAS in Scotland. They would go on to be trained at Fort A.P. Hill, just off the Washington-Richmond interstate highway, and at Camp Picket in Virginia by Green Berets and US Navy SEALS. This was not simply “basic” training. They were trained in over 60 deadly skills, including the use of sophisticated fuses, timers and explosives, remote control devices for land mines, incendiary devices and the use of automatic weapons with armour-piercing shells. Thus the US went about supporting a ten-year long Jihad in the hope of preventing Russian state capitalism expanding its empire in central Asia southwards towards the Indian Ocean.

Following the car bomb attack at the World Trade Centre eight years ago, four of those arrested and charged with the attack were found to be linked to bin Ladens’s al-Qaeda organisation and amongst those trained by the US (Robert Fox, New York’s regional FBI director revealed this in a TV interview in 1993). When the US attacked bin Laden’s bases near the village of Khost in Afghanistan (along with the Sudanese pharmaceutical factory) following attacks on US embassies in Africa, they could do so with pin point accuracy for the CIA had planned and designed them.

The US is now reaping the bitter harvest of its foreign policy which used Islamic fundamentalism as a puppet in its perennial game of globo-political profit-making. For years it courted some of the most dangerous, conservative and fanatical followers of Islam, but the capitalist globalisation process, which the US has pursued obsessively, has served to make political Islam more reactionary in defence of its own culture and strategic interests.

Covert terrorism

Whilst the world is outraged at the terrorist attacks on the USA mainland, it must be remembered that the US has been conducting and supporting just as deadly covert acts of terrorism around the globe for 50 years. For instance, the US and Britain supported Suharto’s military coup in Indonesia in 1966, which resulted in the deaths of 600,000 mainly ethnic Chinese supporters of the Indonesian “Communist” Party, the PKI. And it was the US who toppled (also on an 11 September) the elected Allende government in Chile which resulted in thousands of deaths and countless disappearances. When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 and massacred 17,500, this act of terror was supported by the US.

Since 1945 the US has toppled some 30 governments and supported every dictator imaginable (Pol Pot, Mobuto, Amin, Marcos, Papa Doc Duvalier and Saddam Hussein) whilst seriously interfering in the domestic affairs of almost 70 countries.

In recent years the US has devastated Iraq in continuous bombing raids – even for using radar to scan airspace from which its air force is excluded. During the 40-day Gulf War, US planes dropped 177 million pounds of explosives on Iraq – the greatest aerial bombardment in history. It has imposed sanctions on Iraq that have resulted in the deaths of perhaps two million people and bombed Iraq in defence of the Kurds from the same air bases Turkey has used to bomb Kurdish villages. In the wake of the Gulf War, the US mercilessly attacked a retreating Iraqi army on the Basra road and quite literally fried to death 60,000 ill-equipped, ill-trained soldiers, the vast majority never wanting any part in the conflict in the first place. Two weeks ago, the US and Britain again joined hands in a bombing raid on Iraq. It wasn’t even reported in most Western newspapers. And where is the three-minutes’ silence for the 500,000 Iraqi children who have died of hunger and disease as a result of US sanctions in the past 10 years – a figure which Madeleine Albright described recently as “a price worth paying”?

There was of course a time when the US couldn’t help Iraq enough. During the Iran-Iraq war, the US gave its full blessing to Iraqi atrocities, even supplying Iraq with the chemical weapons it used on the small town of Halabjah in 1988 with the loss of 5,000 innocent lives. Indeed, in 1987 when Iraq attacked the USS Stark, killing 37 servicemen, there was no US response as the White House was keen at the time that Iraq got the upper hand in its war with Iran so as weaken Iran’s threat to the West’s oil supplies.

The US has launched attacks upon Libya, Somalia and Grenada, propped up right wing tendencies in Panama, Chile, Brazil, Haiti, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Colombia. In Africa it supported the gangster Savimbi as he tried to make Angola more hellish for its impoverished millions, adopted a policy of “constructive engagement” with South Africa’s apartheid machine and was all to willing to shoulder up with South Africa in its war with the frontline states. In the Middle East it has propped up despotic regimes in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf whilst at the same time backing Israel. This year alone Israel is receiving $6 in free US aid, in direct contravention of Congress rulings. During the retaliatory raids following the attacks on the US embassies in Africa, the US fired 70 cruise missiles into Afghanistan and killed many thousands in Sudan (a true figure is not available because the US blocked the proposed UN inquiry). The US ruling class’s catalogue of shame is indeed a deep one and we can only begin to scratch at its surface

Appalling losses of life

Whilst the 11 September attack resulted in an appalling loss of innocent life which no sane person could condone, the wonder is that the US has escaped the attention of terrorists for so long. For the poignant truth is that there are millions who have been murdered defeated, demoralised, impoverished and crushed by the US ruling class and its allies and who could well have turned to the pathos of terrorism as a means of evening up the score. Who knows the number of US-created Frankensteins walking the world, prepared to destroy the life of their master? This is not to suggest the US “deserves” to be bombed, but hints at the number of enemies the US ruling class has created in pursuit of global domination, forever trying to carve out larger chunks of the world on behalf of its corporate elite.

If we set this terrorist attack in a wider context, however, the loss of life in New York and Washington, whilst horrendous, is by no means the worst there has been. For instance, we can’t realistically comprehend the horror of the dying days of World War Two when, in one night alone, 100,000 died in a 1000-bomber raid on Dresden. If we make a comparison to the present, is it not an atrocity that 40,000 children die of starvation each day? Is it not a most heinous crime when 1,000 children die each hour of preventable disease (these are UNICEF statistics) and do we not find sickening the thought that twice that number of women die or suffer disability during pregnancy because of a lack of simple remedies or medical attention? We are speaking here of a Hiroshima a day which never gets reported, which is taken as accepted because it is so much a part of our way of life in capitalist society. Where is the 25-page newspaper pull-out that accompanies the recent WHO revelation that more people died of starvation in the last two years than were killed in two world wars?

Whilst we gasp in disbelief at the deaths of 5,000 workers in the biggest terrorist attack in history, it is worth pausing and remembering that the US, Britain, France, China and Russia have between them thousands of nuclear weapons capable of destroying the planet a hundred times over. Any one of these war-heads is indeed capable of creating death and destruction on a scale that would make the attack in question look like a playground firecracker. Where are the protests at this arsenal of destruction?

This in no way diminishes the fact that there has been an enormous loss of life in the USA. Those lying dead beneath the rubble in New York are our fellow workers—make no mistake about it—members of the working class, murdered whilst they were being exploited. Whilst we are revolted, as socialists we certainly do not crave the comfort of revenge. We take a more considered view.

Civilisation?

Western leaders have claimed the attack to be an assault on civilisation. But what is this civilisation that has been attacked, where 600 million have no home, where 800 million are chronically malnourished, where 1 billion have no access to clean water? What is this civilisation where three individuals have more wealth than the combined income of the world’s 48 poorest nations? How can we defend a “civilisation” where food is destroyed to keep prices high and scientists employed on weapons programmes whilst children die of preventable disease?

Since the attacks on New York and Washington, The US and British media has become a history exclusion zone, feeding only the whipped-up contagion of patriotism, whilst flag-waving and the repetitious singing of anthems trigger, in Pavlovian fashion, a national epidemic of jingoism, the only cure for which is reprisals. The dominant view is that extremists the world over are intent on destroying democracy and western civilisation – a near sighted perspective which washes well with a news-hungry audience whose knowledge of US foreign policy and basic international affairs makes it impossible for them to separate reality from distortion.

US Vice President Dick Cheney has demanded bin Laden’s head on a platter whilst his liege, Bush, informs the world that the US will not only target terrorists but those who harbour terrorists. The popular vision now is of US F-16’s and stealth bombers leaving US bases in Diego Garcia, Incilirik and from the carriers of the 5th and 6th fleets in the Middle East, their mission to level the breeding ground of Islamic terrorism – Afghanistan and any other states suspected of wittingly giving them refuge.

For the belligerent Bush, a war-monger long before his ascendancy to the White House, the terrorist attacks on mainland USA must be a blessing in disguise, providing Republican hawks and their bellicose corporate backers with a prime pretext with which to reinforce US hegemonic credentials and perhaps forge ahead with a costly National Missile Defense System now that the reality has struck home that the USA, or rather its profit-mongers and military machine, are loathed around the world.

The attacks on the US will perhaps serve to show Republican hawks the futility of this proposal. These hijacked planes could well have flown into nuclear power stations or bases containing US stockpiles of biological weapons (the US is the world’s biggest stockpiler of such weapons). They may well have carried small nuclear devices. The most sophisticated missile defence system imaginable simply cannot be programmed to read the mind of a religious fanatic incensed with the notion that his death (and those of 10,000 infidels with him) is a passport to heaven.

Bush may well speak of the terrorism the US faces from Islamic fundamentalism, but what about the global threat from US fundamentalism? Since coming to power, Bush has helped scupper the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on emissions and all but wiped his presidential backside on the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. His attitude to treaties and conventions suggests he has already declared war on the planet and that US foreign policy will continue as before and with one aim – to ensure the 21st Century is another “American Century”.

Bush claims that this is the first war of the 21st Century but it is just one battle in a larger war that began in 1945 with the US determined to control the world’s resources, and there is more than ample evidence to prove this. More importantly, though, The entire episode serves to show the insanity of the system we live in, and the desperate need to wrest control of our planet away from the madmen before it is indeed too late. In the 20th century, some 220 million lost their lives in wars, in conflicts over trade routes, areas of influence, foreign markets, mineral wealth and the strategic points from which the same can be defended or in other words, in the name of profit.

The solution to the ongoing insanity, we insist, remains the same. There is one world and we exist as one people in need of each other and with the same basic needs. There is far more that unites us than can ever divide us along cultural, nationalistic or religious lines. Together we can create a civilisation worth living in, but before that happens we need the conscious Cupertino of ordinary people across the world, united in one common cause – to create a world in which each person has free access to the benefits of civilisation, a world without borders or frontiers, social classes or leaders and a world in which production is at last freed from the artificial constraints of profit and used for the good of humanity – socialism.’

https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2001/no-1167-october-2001/editorial-terrorism-versus-terrorism/

 ‘The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. On that morning, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and aimed the next two flights toward targets in or near Washington, D.C., in an attack on the nation’s capital. The third team succeeded in striking the Pentagon, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense in Arlington County, Virginia, while the fourth plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania during a passenger revolt. The September 11 attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the multi-decade global war on terror to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and several other countries. ‘

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks

The below is from the Socialist Standard October 2001

‘Usama bin Laden’s photograph has been splashed across every newspaper front page in the world. He has replaced Saddam Hussein as the World’s No. 1 Mad Man. Already there is a $10 million price on his head. George W Bush has spoken of the old Wild West wanted posters and how bin Laden’s name is now on one. But who is bin Laden and how did he come to prominence?

Usama bin Laden is a billionaire Islamic fundamentalist, former US ally and protégé, who fronts a terrorist organisation whose fighters were trained and financed by the CIA during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. The US, in fact, were arming groups like the notorious Mujahedin a full six months before the Russian invasion of December 1979 and it is estimated that at the Russian withdrawal, US aid to them totalled $5 billion (this monetary support for some seven fundamentalist and extremist groups beginning after 1980 when Reagan quadrupled the CIA budget to £36 billion). Even after the Russian withdrawal, the US still supported the Mujahedin, though more covertly now and through Pakistan’s version of the CIA, the ISI. What they were—and still are—up to is perhaps best revealed in the words of Jimmy Carter’s adviser Zbigniev Brzezinski who described Afghanistan at the time as “the greatest chessboard”.

Most favoured status

The Islamic zealots the US are prepared to annihilate in Afghanistan were afforded most favoured status during the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. Under the Carter administration and beginning in 1980, they were trained in their thousands at the CIA’s Camp Peary and at the ex-army base at Harvey Point in Carolina; by the Green Berets at Fort Bragg in North Carolina and indeed by the SAS in Scotland. They would go on to be trained at Fort A.P. Hill, just off the Washington-Richmond interstate highway, and at Camp Picket in Virginia by Green Berets and US Navy SEALS. This was not simply “basic” training. They were trained in over 60 deadly skills, including the use of sophisticated fuses, timers and explosives, remote control devices for land mines, incendiary devices and the use of automatic weapons with armour-piercing shells. Thus the US went about supporting a ten-year long Jihad in the hope of preventing Russian state capitalism expanding its empire in central Asia southwards towards the Indian Ocean.

Following the car bomb attack at the World Trade Centre eight years ago, four of those arrested and charged with the attack were found to be linked to bin Ladens’s al-Qaeda organisation and amongst those trained by the US (Robert Fox, New York’s regional FBI director revealed this in a TV interview in 1993). When the US attacked bin Laden’s bases near the village of Khost in Afghanistan (along with the Sudanese pharmaceutical factory) following attacks on US embassies in Africa, they could do so with pin point accuracy for the CIA had planned and designed them.

The US is now reaping the bitter harvest of its foreign policy which used Islamic fundamentalism as a puppet in its perennial game of globo-political profit-making. For years it courted some of the most dangerous, conservative and fanatical followers of Islam, but the capitalist globalisation process, which the US has pursued obsessively, has served to make political Islam more reactionary in defence of its own culture and strategic interests.

Covert terrorism

Whilst the world is outraged at the terrorist attacks on the USA mainland, it must be remembered that the US has been conducting and supporting just as deadly covert acts of terrorism around the globe for 50 years. For instance, the US and Britain supported Suharto’s military coup in Indonesia in 1966, which resulted in the deaths of 600,000 mainly ethnic Chinese supporters of the Indonesian “Communist” Party, the PKI. And it was the US who toppled (also on an 11 September) the elected Allende government in Chile which resulted in thousands of deaths and countless disappearances. When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 and massacred 17,500, this act of terror was supported by the US.

Since 1945 the US has toppled some 30 governments and supported every dictator imaginable (Pol Pot, Mobuto, Amin, Marcos, Papa Doc Duvalier and Saddam Hussein) whilst seriously interfering in the domestic affairs of almost 70 countries.

In recent years the US has devastated Iraq in continuous bombing raids – even for using radar to scan airspace from which its air force is excluded. During the 40-day Gulf War, US planes dropped 177 million pounds of explosives on Iraq – the greatest aerial bombardment in history. It has imposed sanctions on Iraq that have resulted in the deaths of perhaps two million people and bombed Iraq in defence of the Kurds from the same air bases Turkey has used to bomb Kurdish villages. In the wake of the Gulf War, the US mercilessly attacked a retreating Iraqi army on the Basra road and quite literally fried to death 60,000 ill-equipped, ill-trained soldiers, the vast majority never wanting any part in the conflict in the first place. Two weeks ago, the US and Britain again joined hands in a bombing raid on Iraq. It wasn’t even reported in most Western newspapers. And where is the three-minutes’ silence for the 500,000 Iraqi children who have died of hunger and disease as a result of US sanctions in the past 10 years – a figure which Madeleine Albright described recently as “a price worth paying”?

There was of course a time when the US couldn’t help Iraq enough. During the Iran-Iraq war, the US gave its full blessing to Iraqi atrocities, even supplying Iraq with the chemical weapons it used on the small town of Halabjah in 1988 with the loss of 5,000 innocent lives. Indeed, in 1987 when Iraq attacked the USS Stark, killing 37 servicemen, there was no US response as the White House was keen at the time that Iraq got the upper hand in its war with Iran so as weaken Iran’s threat to the West’s oil supplies.

The US has launched attacks upon Libya, Somalia and Grenada, propped up right wing tendencies in Panama, Chile, Brazil, Haiti, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Colombia. In Africa it supported the gangster Savimbi as he tried to make Angola more hellish for its impoverished millions, adopted a policy of “constructive engagement” with South Africa’s apartheid machine and was all to willing to shoulder up with South Africa in its war with the frontline states. In the Middle East it has propped up despotic regimes in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf whilst at the same time backing Israel. This year alone Israel is receiving $6 in free US aid, in direct contravention of Congress rulings. During the retaliatory raids following the attacks on the US embassies in Africa, the US fired 70 cruise missiles into Afghanistan and killed many thousands in Sudan (a true figure is not available because the US blocked the proposed UN inquiry). The US ruling class’s catalogue of shame is indeed a deep one and we can only begin to scratch at its surface

Appalling losses of life

Whilst the 11 September attack resulted in an appalling loss of innocent life which no sane person could condone, the wonder is that the US has escaped the attention of terrorists for so long. For the poignant truth is that there are millions who have been murdered defeated, demoralised, impoverished and crushed by the US ruling class and its allies and who could well have turned to the pathos of terrorism as a means of evening up the score. Who knows the number of US-created Frankensteins walking the world, prepared to destroy the life of their master? This is not to suggest the US “deserves” to be bombed, but hints at the number of enemies the US ruling class has created in pursuit of global domination, forever trying to carve out larger chunks of the world on behalf of its corporate elite.

If we set this terrorist attack in a wider context, however, the loss of life in New York and Washington, whilst horrendous, is by no means the worst there has been. For instance, we can’t realistically comprehend the horror of the dying days of World War Two when, in one night alone, 100,000 died in a 1000-bomber raid on Dresden. If we make a comparison to the present, is it not an atrocity that 40,000 children die of starvation each day? Is it not a most heinous crime when 1,000 children die each hour of preventable disease (these are UNICEF statistics) and do we not find sickening the thought that twice that number of women die or suffer disability during pregnancy because of a lack of simple remedies or medical attention? We are speaking here of a Hiroshima a day which never gets reported, which is taken as accepted because it is so much a part of our way of life in capitalist society. Where is the 25-page newspaper pull-out that accompanies the recent WHO revelation that more people died of starvation in the last two years than were killed in two world wars?

Whilst we gasp in disbelief at the deaths of 5,000 workers in the biggest terrorist attack in history, it is worth pausing and remembering that the US, Britain, France, China and Russia have between them thousands of nuclear weapons capable of destroying the planet a hundred times over. Any one of these war-heads is indeed capable of creating death and destruction on a scale that would make the attack in question look like a playground firecracker. Where are the protests at this arsenal of destruction?

This in no way diminishes the fact that there has been an enormous loss of life in the USA. Those lying dead beneath the rubble in New York are our fellow workers—make no mistake about it—members of the working class, murdered whilst they were being exploited. Whilst we are revolted, as socialists we certainly do not crave the comfort of revenge. We take a more considered view.

Civilisation?

Western leaders have claimed the attack to be an assault on civilisation. But what is this civilisation that has been attacked, where 600 million have no home, where 800 million are chronically malnourished, where 1 billion have no access to clean water? What is this civilisation where three individuals have more wealth than the combined income of the world’s 48 poorest nations? How can we defend a “civilisation” where food is destroyed to keep prices high and scientists employed on weapons programmes whilst children die of preventable disease?

Since the attacks on New York and Washington, The US and British media has become a history exclusion zone, feeding only the whipped-up contagion of patriotism, whilst flag-waving and the repetitious singing of anthems trigger, in Pavlovian fashion, a national epidemic of jingoism, the only cure for which is reprisals. The dominant view is that extremists the world over are intent on destroying democracy and western civilisation – a near sighted perspective which washes well with a news-hungry audience whose knowledge of US foreign policy and basic international affairs makes it impossible for them to separate reality from distortion.

US Vice President Dick Cheney has demanded bin Laden’s head on a platter whilst his liege, Bush, informs the world that the US will not only target terrorists but those who harbour terrorists. The popular vision now is of US F-16’s and stealth bombers leaving US bases in Diego Garcia, Incilirik and from the carriers of the 5th and 6th fleets in the Middle East, their mission to level the breeding ground of Islamic terrorism – Afghanistan and any other states suspected of wittingly giving them refuge.

For the belligerent Bush, a war-monger long before his ascendancy to the White House, the terrorist attacks on mainland USA must be a blessing in disguise, providing Republican hawks and their bellicose corporate backers with a prime pretext with which to reinforce US hegemonic credentials and perhaps forge ahead with a costly National Missile Defense System now that the reality has struck home that the USA, or rather its profit-mongers and military machine, are loathed around the world.

The attacks on the US will perhaps serve to show Republican hawks the futility of this proposal. These hijacked planes could well have flown into nuclear power stations or bases containing US stockpiles of biological weapons (the US is the world’s biggest stockpiler of such weapons). They may well have carried small nuclear devices. The most sophisticated missile defence system imaginable simply cannot be programmed to read the mind of a religious fanatic incensed with the notion that his death (and those of 10,000 infidels with him) is a passport to heaven.

Bush may well speak of the terrorism the US faces from Islamic fundamentalism, but what about the global threat from US fundamentalism? Since coming to power, Bush has helped scupper the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on emissions and all but wiped his presidential backside on the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. His attitude to treaties and conventions suggests he has already declared war on the planet and that US foreign policy will continue as before and with one aim – to ensure the 21st Century is another “American Century”.

Bush claims that this is the first war of the 21st Century but it is just one battle in a larger war that began in 1945 with the US determined to control the world’s resources, and there is more than ample evidence to prove this. More importantly, though, The entire episode serves to show the insanity of the system we live in, and the desperate need to wrest control of our planet away from the madmen before it is indeed too late. In the 20th century, some 220 million lost their lives in wars, in conflicts over trade routes, areas of influence, foreign markets, mineral wealth and the strategic points from which the same can be defended or in other words, in the name of profit.

The solution to the ongoing insanity, we insist, remains the same. There is one world and we exist as one people in need of each other and with the same basic needs. There is far more that unites us than can ever divide us along cultural, nationalistic or religious lines. Together we can create a civilisation worth living in, but before that happens we need the conscious Cupertino of ordinary people across the world, united in one common cause – to create a world in which each person has free access to the benefits of civilisation, a world without borders or frontiers, social classes or leaders and a world in which production is at last freed from the artificial constraints of profit and used for the good of humanity – socialism.’

https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2001/no-1167-october-2001/editorial-terrorism-versus-terrorism/